This lesson describes the role of the rER and the Golgi apparatus in the formation of proteins, the transport within cells and their secretion. The PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been designed to cover point 3.3 of the Pearson Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters Nuffield) specification and also includes key details about the role of the cytoskeleton in the transport of the vesicles that contain the protein between the organelles and the membrane.
The lesson begins with the introduction of the cytoskeleton and explains how this network of protein structures transverses across the cytoplasm and is fundamental to the transport of molecules between organelles. The lesson has been planned to closely tie in with the previous lesson on the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells and students are challenged on their knowledge of the function of the organelles involved in protein formation (and modification) through a series of exam-style questions. By comparing their answers against the mark scheme embedded in the PowerPoint, students will be able to assess their understanding of the following:
- Transcription in the nucleus to form an mRNA strand and the exit of this nucleic acid through the nuclear pore
- Translation at the ribosomes on the surface of the rER to assemble the protein
- Transport of the vesicles containing the protein to the Golgi apparatus
- Modification of the protein at the Golgi apparatus
- Formation of the Golgi vesicle and its transport to the cell membrane for exocytosis
- Time is taken to discuss the finer details of this process such as the arrival of the vesicle at the cis face and the transport away from the trans face and the requirement of ATP for the transport of the vesicles along the microtubule track and exocytosis.
The remainder of the lesson uses a series of exam-style questions about digestive enzymes (extracellular proteins) to challenge the students on their recall of the structure of starch and proteins
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Topic 3: Voice of the Genome (Edexcel SNAB)
This bundle contains 13 detailed lesson PowerPoints, which together with their accompanying resources, have been planned to include a wide variety of tasks that will engage and motivate the students whilst covering the content of topic 3 of the Pearson Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters Nuffield) specification. The voice of the genome topic content includes key biological concepts such as eukaryotic cells, cell division and genetics and the following specification points are covered by these lessons: * All living organisms are made of cells, sharing common features * The ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells and the role of the organelles * The role of the rER and the Golgi body in protein transport * The relationship between the features of the mammalian gametes and their functions * The loci is the location of a gene on a chromosome * The linkage of genes on a chromosome and sex linkage * The role of meiosis in ensuring genetic variation * The role of mitosis and the cell cycle * The meaning of the terms stem cell, pluripotency and totipotency * The decisions about the use of stem cells in medical therapies * The specialisation of cells through differential gene expression * Understand how the cells of multicellular organisms are organised into tissues, tissues into organs and organs into systems * Phenotype is the interaction between genotype and the environment * Epigenetic changes can modify the activation of certain genes * Some phenotypes are affected by multiple alleles for the same gene at many loci as well as the environment and this gives rise to continuous variation If you would like to sample the quality of lessons in this bundle, then download the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells, mitosis and the cell cycle and gene expression lessons as these have been uploaded for free
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The ultrastructure of cells (Edexcel SNAB)
This lesson bundle contains 7 lessons which have been designed to cover the Pearson Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters Nuffield) specification points which focus on the structure of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and the functions of their components. The lesson PowerPoints are highly detailed, and along with the accompanying worksheets, they have been planned at length to contain a wide range of engaging tasks which cover the following A-level Biology content found in topics 2, 3 and 4 of the course: 2.2 (i): Know the structure and function of cell membranes 3.1: Know that all living organisms are made of cells, sharing some common features 3.2: Know the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells, including nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, centrioles, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus 3.3: Understand the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and the Golgi apparatus in protein transport within cells, including their role in the formation of extracellular enzymes 3.4: Know the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells, including cell wall, capsule, plasmid, flagellum, pili, ribosomes, mesosomes and circular DNA 3.6: Understand how mammalian gametes are specialised for their functions (including the acrosome in sperm and the zona pellucida in the egg) 3.13: Understand how the cells of multicellular organisms are organised into tissues, tissues into organs and organs into systems 4.7: Know the ultrastructure of plant cells (cell walls, chloroplasts, amyloplasts, vacuole, tonoplast, plasmodesmata, pits and middle lamella) and be able to compare it with animal cells.
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