This lesson describes how to use thin-layer chromatography to separate and identify chloroplast pigments. The PowerPoint and accompanying resource have been planned to cover point (6) of topic 13.1 of the CIE A-level biology specification and to build and check on the knowledge acquired in the previous two lessons on the structure of the chloroplast and photosynthesis and the chloroplast pigments.
As shown in the cover image, the lesson begins by challenging them to recall that chromatography is the separation method that has a stationary and a mobile phase and then to realise that the chloroplast pigments could be separated using this technique. A step-by-step guide goes through the TLC process, and understanding and prior knowledge checks are used throughout to add key details. Moving forwards, the formula for the retention factor is provided, and the students are challenged to apply this formula to recognise the values for the chlorophylls and the carotenoids to allow them to be identified.
All answers to the understanding and prior knowledge checks are embedded into the PowerPoint to allow students to assess their progress.
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Topic 13: Photosynthesis (CIE A-level Biology)
This bundle contains 7 fully-resourced lessons which are highly detailed and will engage and motivate the students whilst covering the content of topic 13 of the CIE A-level Biology specification (for assessment in 2025 - 27). The following specification points are covered: Topic 13.1: points 1 - 12 Topic 13.2: points 1 & 2 The lesson PowerPoints and accompanying resources contain a wide range of tasks which include exam-style questions, whole class discussion periods and quiz competitions which are designed to introduce key terms and values in a memorable way. If you would like to get an idea of the quality of these lessons, then download the Calvin cycle intermediates lesson as this has been shared for free.
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Topics 12 & 13: Respiration and photosynthesis (CIE A-level Biology)
Respiration and photosynthesis are two of the most commonly-assessed topics in the terminal A-level exams but are often poorly understood by students. These 16lessons have been intricately planned to contain a wide range of activities that will engage and motivate the students whilst covering the key detail to try to deepen their understanding and includes exam-style questions so they are fully prepared for these assessments. The following specification points in topics 12 and 13 of the CIE A-level Biology course are covered by these lessons: * The need for energy in living organisms * The features of ATP * The synthesis of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle * The roles of the coenzymes in respiration * The synthesis of ATP through the electron transport chain in the mitochondria and chloroplasts * The relative energy values of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins as respiratory substrates * Determining the respiratory quotient from equations for respiration * The four stages of aerobic respiration * An outline of glycolysis * When oxygen is available, pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA in the link reaction * The steps of the Krebs cycle * Oxidative phosphorylation * The relationship between the structure and function of the mitochondrion * Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in mammalian tissue and in yeast cells * Anaerobic respiration generates a small yield of ATP and builds up an oxygen debt * The products of the light-dependent stage are used in the Calvin cycle * The structure of a chloroplast and the sites of the light-dependent and light-independent stages of photosynthesis * The role of the chloroplast pigments * Absorption and action spectra * Using chromatography to separate the chloroplast pigments * The light-dependent stage of photosynthesis * The three stages of the Calvin cycle * The conversion of Calvin cycle intermediates to carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids * Explain the term limiting factor in relation to photosynthesis * Explain the effects of changes in light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis * Explain how an understanding of limiting factors is used to increase crop yields in protected environments Due to the detail of these lessons, it is estimated that it will take up to 2 months of allocated A-level teaching time to cover the detail included in the slides of these lessons If you would like to sample the quality of the lessons, download the roles of the coenzymes, the Krebs cycle and the products of the Calvin cycle lessons as these have been shared for free
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