Circulatory System

explain what is meant by a double circulatory system

2. understand that the blood carries glucose molecules and oxygen to the muscles, and waste products such as carbon dioxide away from muscles

3. relate the components of the blood to their functions, including:
a. red blood cells – transport oxygen
b. white blood cells – fighting infections
c. platelets – blood clotting at injury sites
d. plasma – transporting nutrients (e.g. glucose and amino acids), antibodies, hormones and waste (carbon dioxide and urea)

4. understand how red blood cells are adapted to their function, limited to:
a. packed with haemoglobin (to bind oxygen)
b. no nucleus (more space for haemoglobin)
c. biconcave shape (increased surface area for oxygen exchange)

5. describe and name the main structures and blood vessels of the heart including the left and right atria and ventricles, vena cava, aorta, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, coronary arteries and valves

6. describe the function of valves in the heart and veins

7. understand how tissue fluid is formed in capillary beds and that it assists the exchange of chemicals by diffusion between capillaries and tissues, to include oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose and urea.