Horizontal and Vertical Integration, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie

How did John D. Rockefeller’s use of horizontal integration and Andrew Carnegie’s use of vertical integration shape the oil and steel industries, respectively, and what were the long-term effects of these strategies on American industry? This lesson and activity examines the background and impact of the use of horizontal and vertical integration by Rockefeller and Carnegie. Students will analyze documents and answer corresponding scaffolding questions. They will answer the final summary question to apply their knowledge.

Included in this resource:

Do Now - Rockefeller and Carnegie primary source quotes with scaffolding questions
Horizontal and Vertical Integration reading passage with scaffolding graphic organizer questions
Andrew Carnegie on Vertical Integration POV
John D. Rockefeller on Horizontal Integration POV
Horizontal and Vertical Integration graphic analysis and questions
Application/Closing/Higher-Order Thinking Assessment: Why were the strategies of horizontal and vertical integration so effective in establishing dominant positions in the oil and steel industries, and how have these strategies influenced modern business practices?
Answer key for teachers (suggested)
★Please make an executive decision whether or not this lesson can be executed with your students based upon the preview file. Thank you!

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