Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Two pages
RELIGION + ETHICS – CONSCIENCE
AQUINAS’ THEOLOGICAL APPROACH
‘Reason making right decisions’
Ratio
Aristotle’s SENSITIVE SOUL
Synderesis
Conscientia
Vincible ignorance
Invincible ignorance
FREUD’S PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
Human psyche
Unconscious mind
Preconscious mind
Conscious mind
Tripartite personality:
Id
Ego
Superego
Other religious responses:
JOSEPH BUTLER
Innate God-given morality
JOHN HENRY NEWMAN:
Voice of God
AUGUSTINE
Intuitive, less rationalist
Secular responses:
JEAN PIAGET
Mature + immature conscience
Two stages of moral development
Heteronomous morality
Autonomous morality
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
Authority figures
Social interaction
ERICH FROMM
External authorities
Guilty conscience
Authoritarian conscience
Humanistic conscience
Modern responses:
RICHARD DAWKINS
Evolution
Is conscience real?
Romans 2
‘Lust to be nice’
Product of nurture
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