This lesson describes how maltose, sucrose and lactose are synthesised during condensation reactions and broken down during hydrolysis reactions. The PowerPoint and accompanying question sheet have been designed to cover point 1.1 (iii) of the Edexcel A-level Biology B specification but also make links to the previous lesson on monosaccharides when considering the different components of these three disaccharides.
The first section of the lesson focuses on a prefix and a suffix so that the students can recognise that the names of the common disaccharides end in -ose. In line with this, a quick quiz round is used to introduce maltose, sucrose and lactose before students are challenged on their prior knowledge as they have to describe how condensation reactions and the formation of glycosidic bonds were involved in the synthesis of each one. The main task of the lesson again challenges the students to recall details of a previous lesson as they have to identify the monomers of each disaccharide when presented with the displayed formula. Time is taken to show how their knowledge of these simple sugars will be important in later topics such as enzymes, translocation in the phloem and the lac operon in the control of gene expression. The lesson finishes with two exam-style questions where students have to demonstrate and apply their newly acquired knowledge
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Topic 1: Biological molecules (Edexcel A-level Biology B)
The biological molecules topic is incredibly important, not just because it is found at the start of the course, but also because of its detailed content which must be well understood to promote success with the other 9 Edexcel A-level Biology B topics. Many hours of intricate planning has gone into the design of all of the 19 lessons that are included in this bundle to ensure that the content is covered in detail, understanding is constantly checked and misconceptions addressed and that engagement is high. This is achieved through the wide variety of tasks in the PowerPoints and accompanying worksheets which include exam-style questions with clear answers, discussion points, differentiated tasks and quick quiz competitions. The following specification points are covered by the lessons within this bundle: * The differences between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides * The structure of glucose and ribose * The formation of disaccharides and polysaccharides from monosaccharides * The structure of starch, glycogen and cellulose * The synthesis of a triglyceride * The differences between saturated and unsaturated lipids * The relationship between the structure of lipids and their roles * The structure and properties of phospholipids * The structure of an amino acid * The formation of polypeptides and proteins * The role of ionic, hydrogen and disulphide bonding in proteins * The levels of protein structure * The structure of collagen and haemoglobin * The structure of DNA * The semi-conservative replication of DNA * A gene is a sequence of bases on DNA that codes for an amino acid sequence * The structure of mRNA * The structure of tRNA * The process of transcription * The process of translation * Base deletions, insertions and substitutions as gene mutations * The effect of point mutations on amino acid sequences * The structure of enzymes as globular proteins * The concept of specificity and the induced-fit hypothesis * Enzymes are catalysts that reduce activation energy * Understand how temperature affects enzyme activity * Enzymes catalyse a wide range of intracellular reactions as well as extracellular ones * The role of inorganic ions in plants * The importance of water for living organisms Due to the detail included in these lessons, it is estimated that it will take in excess of 2 months of allocated A-level teaching time to complete. If you would like to see the quality of the lessons then download the monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, glucose and ribose, triglycerides, structure of DNA and transcription lessons as these have been uploaded for free.
Topics 1.1, 1.2 & 1.3: Carbohydrates, Lipids & Proteins (Edexcel A-level Biology B)
Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are the key biological molecules and the specification points covering the relationship between their structures and functions are found in the very first three topics of Edexcel A-level Biology B course. With this in mind, hours of intricate planning has gone into each of the 9 lessons that are included in this bundle to ensure that students are continually engaged whilst the detailed content is covered by the variety of tasks. These tasks include exam-style questions with accompanying mark schemes so that students can assess their understanding, guided discussion periods and quiz competitions to introduce key values and terminology in a memorable way
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