I started out as a science teacher and made the transition to teaching ICT and Computer Science, which I have now been doing for over 20 years. I have also worked with primary school teachers to support their delivery of the national curriculum in computing.
Edulito is a UK based educational publishing company that provides learning resources for school-aged children. All of the available resources have been tested in UK schools.
I started out as a science teacher and made the transition to teaching ICT and Computer Science, which I have now been doing for over 20 years. I have also worked with primary school teachers to support their delivery of the national curriculum in computing.
Edulito is a UK based educational publishing company that provides learning resources for school-aged children. All of the available resources have been tested in UK schools.
This pack includes four practice exam papers with mark schemes for Edexcel GCSE Computer Science (9–1) specification (first teaching September 2020, examinations from 2022).
The papers have been written to replicate the style of Edexcel examinations. These papers provide students with an opportunity to familiarise themselves with the look and feel of an Edexcel paper. Python is the programming language used.
The digital pack includes:
· two practice papers for Principles of Computer Science (Paper 1)
· two practice papers for Application of Computational Thinking (Paper 2) – Included with these papers are Python files for access by students during the exam and a complete set of Python file solutions.
The papers combined cover all aspects of the computer science curriculum.
You will also receive a comprehensive mark scheme for each paper.
These adaptable PowerPoint Presentations (79 Slides) cover all aspects of the specification in relation to Edexcel GCSE Computer Science 1CP2 (from 2020) topic 5.
It includes:
Teaching PowerPoints (including checkpoint questions and answers)
Student PowerPoints (Including checkpoint questions, but omits the answers)
Content Covered:
· understand environmental issues associated with the use of digital devices (energy consumption, manufacture, replacement cycle, disposal)
· understand ethical and legal issues associated with the collection and use of personal data (privacy, ownership, consent, misuse, data protection)
· understand ethical and legal issues associated with the use of artificial intelligence, machine learning and robotics (accountability, safety, algorithmic bias, legal liability)
· understand methods of intellectual property protection for computer systems and software (copyright, patents, trademarks, licencing)
· understand the threat to digital systems posed by malware (viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, key loggers) and how hackers exploit technical vulnerabilities (unpatched software, out-of-date anti-malware) and use social engineering to carry out cyberattacks
· understand methods of protecting digital systems and data (anti-malware, encryption, acceptable use policies, backup and recovery procedures)
These adaptable PowerPoint Presentations (121 Slides) cover all aspects of the specification in relation to Edexcel GCSE Computer Science 1CP2 (from 2020) topic 4.
It includes:
Teaching PowerPoints (including checkpoint questions and answers)
Student PowerPoint (Including checkpoint questions, but omits the answers)
Content Covered:
· understand why computers are connected in a network
· understand different types of networks (LAN, WAN)
· understand how the internet is structured (IP addressing, routers)
· understand how the characteristics of wired and wireless connectivity impact on performance (speed, range, throughput, bandwidth)
· understand that network speeds are measured in bits per second (kilobit, megabit, gigabit) and be able to construct expressions involving file size, transmission rate and time
· understand the role of and need for protocols (Ethernet, Wi-Fi, TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and email (POP3, SMTP, IMAP))
· understand how the 4-layer (application, transport, network, data link) TCP/IP model handles data transmission over a network
· understand characteristics of network topologies (bus, star, mesh)
· understand the importance of network security, ways of identifying network vulnerabilities (penetration testing, ethical hacking) and methods of protecting networks (access control, physical security, firewalls)
These adaptable PowerPoint Presentations (169 Slides) cover all aspects of the specification in relation to Edexcel GCSE Computer Science 1CP2 (from 2020) topic 3.
It includes:
Teaching PowerPoints (including checkpoint questions and answers)
Student PowerPoints (Including checkpoint questions, but omits the answers)
Content Covered:
· understand why computers are connected in a network
· understand different types of networks (LAN, WAN)
· understand how the internet is structured (IP addressing, routers)
· understand how the characteristics of wired and wireless connectivity impact on performance (speed, range, throughput, bandwidth)
· understand that network speeds are measured in bits per second (kilobit, megabit, gigabit) and be able to construct expressions involving file size, transmission rate and time
· understand the role of and need for protocols (Ethernet, Wi-Fi, TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and email (POP3, SMTP, IMAP))
· understand how the 4-layer (application, transport, network, data link) TCP/IP model handles data transmission over a network
· understand characteristics of network topologies (bus, star, mesh)
· understand the importance of network security, ways of identifying network vulnerabilities (penetration testing, ethical hacking) and methods of protecting networks (access control, physical security, firewalls)
These adaptable PowerPoint Presentations (107 Slides) cover all aspects of the specification in relation to Edexcel GCSE Computer Science 1CP2 (from 2020) topic 2.
It includes a:
Teaching PowerPoint Presentations (includes checkpoint questions and answers)
Student PowerPoint Presentations (Includes checkpoint questions, but omits the answers)
Content Covered:
· understand that computers use binary to represent data (numbers, text, sound, graphics) and program instructions and be able to determine the maximum number of states that can be represented by a binary pattern of a given length
· understand how computers represent and manipulate unsigned integers and two’s complement signed integers
· be able to convert between denary and 8-bit binary numbers (0 – 255, -127 – 128)
· be able to add together two positive binary patterns and apply logical and arithmetic binary shifts
· understand the concept of overflow in relation to the number of bits available to store a value
· understand why hexadecimal notation is used and be able to convert between hexadecimal and binary
· understand how computers encode characters using 7-bit ASCII
· understand how bitmap images are represented in binary (pixels, resolution, colour depth)
· understand how analogue sound is represented in binary (amplitude, sample rate, bit depth, sample interval)
· understand the limitations of binary representation of data (sampling frequency, resolution) when constrained by the number of available bits
· understand that data storage is measured in binary multiples (bit, nibble, byte, kibibyte, mebibyte, gibibyte, tebibyte) and be able to construct expressions to calculate file sizes and data capacity requirements
· understand the need for data compression and methods of compressing data (lossless, lossy)
These adaptable Powerpoint Presentations (274 Slides) cover all aspects of the specification in relation to Edexcel GCSE Computer Science 1CP2 (from 2020) topic 1 and topic 6.
These two topics have been combined so that students can learn about algorithms and at the same time have the opportunity to understand how algorithms can then be developed into programs. The programming language used is Python.
It includes:
Teaching PowerPoints (including checkpoint questions and answers)
Student PowerPoints (Including checkpoint questions, but omits the answers)
Content Covered:
Topic 1
· understand the benefit of using decomposition and abstraction to model aspects of the real world and analyse, understand and solve problems
· understand the benefits of using subprograms
· be able to follow and write algorithms (flowcharts, written descriptions, draft program code or assessment reference language) that use sequence, selection, repetition (count-controlled, pre-conditioned, post-conditioned) and iteration (over every item in a data structure), and input, processing and output to solve problems
· understand the need for and be able to follow and write algorithms that use variables and constants and one- and two-dimensional data structures (strings, records, arrays)
· understand the need for and be able to follow and write algorithms that use arithmetic operators (add, subtract, divide, multiply, modulus, integer division), relational operators (equal to, less than, greater than, not equal to, less than or equal to, greater than or equal to) and logical operators (AND, OR, NOT)
· be able to determine the correct output of an algorithm for a given set of data and use a trace table to determine what value a variable will hold at a given point in an algorithm
· be able to identify and correct errors (logic, runtime) in algorithms
· understand how standard algorithms (bubble sort, merge sort, linear search, binary search) work
· be able to use logical reasoning and test data to evaluate an algorithm’s fitness for purpose and efficiency (number of compares, number of passes through a loop, use of memory)
· be able to apply logical operators (AND, OR, NOT) in appropriate truth tables to solve problems
Topic 6
· be able to use decomposition and abstraction to analyse, understand and solve problems
· be able to read, write, analyse and refine programs written in a high-level programming language
· be able to convert algorithms (flowcharts, written descriptions) into programs and convert programs into algorithms
· be able to use techniques (layout, comments, meaningful identifiers, white space) to make programs easier to read, understand and maintain
· be able to identify, locate and correct program errors (logic, syntax, runtime)
etc
This pack includes four practice exam papers with mark schemes for AQA GCSE Computer Science (9–1) specification (first teaching September 2020, examinations from 2022).
The papers have been written to replicate the style of AQA examinations. These papers provide students with an opportunity to familiarise themselves with the look and feel of an AQA paper.
The digital pack includes:
· two practice papers for Computational Thinking and Programming Skills (Paper 1)
· two practice papers for Computing Concepts (Paper 2)
The papers combined cover all aspects of the computer science curriculum.
You will also receive a comprehensive mark scheme for each paper.
This pack consists of 13 end of topic tests that can be used to support your delivery of the course. In addition, the topic test bundle also contains a mark scheme for each test.
Unit 3.1 – 1 Test
Unit 3.2 – 2 Tests
Unit 3.3 – 1 Test
Unit 3.4 – 4 Tests
Unit 3.5 - 2 Test
Unit 3.6 – 1 Test
Unit 3.7 – 1 Test
Unit 3.8 – 1 Test
This pack consists of 34 editable homework/classwork activities that can be used to support your delivery of the course. In addition, the homework bundle also contains a suggested mark scheme for each activity.
Unit 3.1
· Decomposition and Abstraction
· Flowcharts and High-Level Languages
· Sorting Data
· Sorting & Searching Programs
Unit 3.2
· Selection
· Iteration
· Arrays (Lists)
· Functions
· Improving Programs
· Testing
Unit 3.3
· Data Capacity
· Conversions
· Compression
Unit 3.4
· Components of a CPU
· CPU Performance
· Embedded Systems
· Operating Systems
· Utility Software
· Boolean Logic and Truth Tables
· Logic Gates
· Programming Languages
Unit 3.5
· LANs and WANs
· Wired & Wireless Networks
· Star & Bus Topology
· Network Protocols
· The Concept of Layers
Unit 3.6
· Malware
· Cyber Threats
· Network Vulnerabilities
Unit 3.7
· Relational Databases
· Relational Databases and SQL
Unit 3.8
· The Impact of Technology
· The Digital Divide
· Impact of New Technology
These adaptable PowerPoint Presentations (38 Slides) cover all aspects of the specification in relation to AQA GCSE Computer Science 8525 (from 2020) component 3.8.
It includes:
Teaching PowerPoint Presentations (includes checkpoint questions and answers) - 38 slides
Student PowerPoint Presentations (Includes checkpoint questions, but omits the answers)
Content Covered:
Explain the current ethical, legal and environmental impacts and risks of digital technology on society. Where data privacy issues arise, these should be considered.
Exam questions will be taken from the following areas:
• cyber security
• mobile technologies
• wireless networking
• cloud storage
• hacking (unauthorised access to a computer system)
• wearable technologies
• computer-based implants
• autonomous vehicles.
These adaptable PowerPoint Presentations (23 Slides) cover all aspects of the specification in relation to AQA GCSE Computer Science 8525 (from 2020) component 3.7.
It includes:
Teaching PowerPoint Presentations (includes checkpoint questions and answers) - 23 slides
Student PowerPoint Presentations (Includes checkpoint questions, but omits the answers)
Content Covered:
Explain the concept of a database.
Explain the concept of a relational database.
Understand the following database concepts:
• table
• record
• field
• primary key
• foreign key.
Understand that the use of a relational database facilitates the elimination of data inconsistency and data redundancy.
Be able to use SQL to retrieve data from a relational database, using the commands:
• SELECT
• FROM
• WHERE
• ORDER BY…ASC | DESC
Be able to use SQL to insert data into a relational database using the commands.
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column 2 …)
VALUES (value1, value2 …)
Be able to use SQL to edit and delete data in a database using the commands.
UPDATE table name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2 …
WHERE condition
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition
These adaptable PowerPoint Presentations (54 Slides) cover all aspects of the specification in relation to AQA GCSE Computer Science 8525 (from 2020) component 3.6.
It includes:
Teaching PowerPoint Presentations (includes checkpoint questions and answers)
Student PowerPoint Presentations (Includes checkpoint questions, but omits the answers)
Content Covered:
Be able to define the term cyber security and be able to describe the main purposes of cyber security.
Students should know that cyber security consists of the processes, practices and technologies designed to protect networks, computers, programs and data from attack, damage or unauthorised access.
Understand and be able to explain the following cyber security threats:
• social engineering techniques
• malicious code (malware)
• pharming
• weak and default passwords
• misconfigured access rights
• removable media
• unpatched and/or outdated software.
Explain what penetration testing is and what it is used for.
Define the term social engineering.
Describe what social engineering is and how it can be protected against.
Explain the following forms of social engineering:
• blagging (pretexting)
• phishing
• shouldering (or shoulder surfing).
Define the term malware.
Describe what malware is and how it can be protected against.
Describe the following forms of malware:
• computer virus
• trojan
• spyware.
Understand and be able to explain the following security measures:
• biometric measures (particularly for mobile devices)
• password systems
• CAPTCHA (or similar)
• using email confirmations to confirm a user’s identity
• automatic software updates.
These adaptable PowerPoint Presentations (69 Slides) cover all aspects of the specification in relation to AQA GCSE Computer Science 8525 (from 2020) component 3.5.
It includes:
Teaching PowerPoints (including checkpoint questions and answers) - 69 slides
Student PowerPoints (Including checkpoint questions, but omits the answers)
Content Covered:
Define what a computer network is.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of computer networks.
Describe the main types of computer network including:
• Personal Area Network (PAN)
• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN).
Understand that networks can be wired or wireless.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of wireless networks as opposed to wired networks.
Describe the following common LAN topologies:
• star
• bus.
Define the term network protocol.
Explain the purpose and use of common network protocols including:
• Ethernet
• Wi-Fi
• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
• UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
• IP (Internet Protocol)
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
• HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• email protocols:
• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
• IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol).
Understand the need for, and importance of, network security.
Explain the following methods of network security:
• authentication
• encryption
• firewall
• MAC address filtering.
Describe the 4-layer TCP/IP model:
• application layer
• transport layer
• internet layer
• link layer.
Understand that the HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, IMAP and FTP protocols operate at the application layer.
Understand that the TCP and UDP protocols operate at the transport layer.
Understand that the IP protocol operates at the internet layer.
These adaptable PowerPoint Presentations (219 Slides) cover all aspects of the specification in relation to AQA GCSE Computer Science 8525 (from 2020) component 3.4.
It includes:
Teaching PowerPoints (including checkpoint questions and answers) -
Student PowerPoints (Including checkpoint questions, but omits the answers)
Content Covered:
Define the terms hardware and software and understand the relationship between them.
Construct truth tables for the following logic gates:
• NOT
• AND
• OR
• XOR.
Construct truth tables for simple logic circuits using combinations of NOT, AND, OR and XOR gates.
Interpret the results of simple truth tables.
Create, modify and interpret simple logic circuit diagrams.
Students will only need to use NOT, AND, OR and XOR gates within logic circuits.
Students will be expected to understand and use the standard logic circuit symbols.
Create and interpret simple Boolean expressions made up of NOT, AND, OR and XOR operations.
Create the Boolean expression for a simple logic circuit.
Create a logic circuit from a simple Booleanexpression.
Explain what is meant by:
• system software
• application software.
Give examples of both types of software.
Understand the need for, and functions of, operating systems (OS) and utility programs.
Understand that the OS handles management of the:
• processor(s)
• memory
• input/output (I/O) devices
• applications
• security.
Know that there are different levels of programming language:
• low-level language
• high-level language.
Explain the main differences between low-level and high-level languages.
Know that machine code and assembly language are considered to be low-level languages and explain the differences between them.
Understand that all programming code written in high-level or assembly languages must be translated.
Understand that machine code is expressed in binary and is specific to a processor or family of processors.
Understand the advantages and disadvantages of low-level language programming compared with high-level language programming.
Understand that there are three common types of program translator:
• interpreter
• compiler
• assembler.
Explain the main differences between these three types of translator.
Understand when it would be appropriate to use each type of translator.
Explain the role and operation of main memory and the following major components of a central processing unit (CPU) within the Von Neumann architecture:
• arithmetic logic unit
• control unit
• clock
• register
• bus.
Explain the effect of the following on the performance of the CPU:
• clock speed
• number of processor cores
• cache size.
Understand and explain the Fetch-Execute cycle.
Understand the different types of memory within a computer:
• RAM
• ROM
• Cache
• Register.
Know what the different types of memory are used for and why they are required.
etc
These adaptable PowerPoint Presentations (125 Slides) cover all aspects of the specification in relation to AQA GCSE Computer Science 8525 (from 2020) component 3.3.
It includes:
Teaching PowerPoints (including checkpoint questions and answers) - 125 Slides
Student PowerPoints (Including checkpoint questions, but omits the answers)
Content Covered:
Understand the following number bases:
• decimal (base 10)
• binary (base 2)
• hexadecimal (base 16).
Understand that computers use binary to represent all data and instructions.
Explain why hexadecimal is often used in computer science.
Understand how binary can be used to represent whole numbers.
Understand how hexadecimal can be used to represent whole numbers.
Be able to convert in both directions between:
• binary and decimal
• binary and hexadecimal
• decimal and hexadecimal.
Know that:
• a bit is the fundamental unit of information
• a byte is a group of 8 bits.
Know that quantities of bytes can be described using prefixes. Know the names, symbols and corresponding values for the decimal prefixes: • kilo, 1 kB is 1,000 bytes
• mega, 1 MB is 1,000 kilobytes
• giga, 1 GB is 1,000 Megabytes
• tera, 1 TB is 1,000 Gigabytes.
Be able to compare quantities of bytes using the prefixes above.
Be able to add together up to three binary numbers.
Be able to apply a binary shift to a binary number.
Describe situations where binary shifts can be used.
Understand what a character set is and be able to describe the following character encoding methods:
• 7-bit ASCII
• Unicode.
Understand that character codes are commonly grouped and run in sequence within encoding tables.
Describe the purpose of Unicode and the advantages of Unicode over ASCII. Know that Unicode uses the same codes as ASCII up to 127.
Understand what a pixel is and be able to describe how pixels relate to an image and the way images are displayed.
Describe the following for bitmaps:
• image size
• colour depth.
Know that the size of a bitmap image is measured in pixels (width x height).
Describe how a bitmap represents an image using pixels and colour depth.
Describe using examples how the number of pixels and colour depth can affect the file size of a bitmap image.
Calculate bitmap image file sizes based on the number of pixels and colour depth.
Convert binary data into a bitmap image.
Convert a bitmap image into binary data.
Understand that sound is analogue and that it must be converted to a digital form for storage
and processing in a computer.
Understand that analogue signals are sampled to create the digital version of sound.
Describe the digital representation of sound in terms of:
• sampling rate
• sample resolution.
Calculate sound file sizes based on the sampling rate and the sample resolution.
Explain what data compression is.
Understand why data may be compressed and that there are different ways to compress data.
These adaptable PowerPoint Presentations (188 Slides) cover all aspects of the specification in relation to AQA GCSE Computer Science 8525 (from 2020) component 3.2. Python is used as the programming language in this unit.
It includes:
Teaching PowerPoints (including checkpoint questions and answers)
Student PowerPoints (Includes checkpoint questions, but omits the answers)
Content Covered:
Understand the concept of a data type.
Understand and use the following appropriately:
• integer
• real
• Boolean
• character
• string.
Use, understand and know how the following
statement types can be combined in programs:
• variable declaration
• constant declaration
• assignment
• iteration
• selection
• subroutine (procedure/function).
Use definite (count controlled) and indefinite (condition controlled) iteration, including indefinite iteration with the condition(s) at the start or the end of the iterative structure.
Use nested selection and nested iteration structures.
Use meaningful identifier names and know why it is important to use them.
Be familiar with and be able to use:
• addition
• subtraction
• multiplication
• real division
• integer division, including remainders.
Be familiar with and be able to use:
• equal to
• not equal to
• less than
• greater than
• less than or equal to
• greater than or equal to.
Be familiar with and be able to use:
• NOT
• AND
• OR
Understand the concept of data structures.
Use arrays (or equivalent) in the design of solutions to simple problems.
Use records (or equivalent) in the design of solutions to simple problems.
Be able to obtain user input from the keyboard.
Be able to output data and information from a program to the computer display.
Understand and be able to use:
• Length
• Position
• Sub-string
• Concatenation
• convert character to character code
• convert character code to character
• string conversion operations.
Be able to use random number generation.
Understand the concept of subroutines.
Explain the advantages of using subroutines in programs.
Describe the use of parameters to pass data within programs.
Use subroutines that return values to the calling routine.
Know that subroutines may declare their own variables, called local variables, and that local
variables usually:
• only exist while the subroutine is executing
• are only accessible within the subroutine.
Use local variables and explain why it is good practice to do so.
Describe the structured approach to programming.
Explain the advantages of the structured approach.
Be able to write simple data validation routines.
Be able to write simple authentication routines.
Understand what is meant by testing in the context of algorithms and programs.
Be able to correct errors within algorithms and programs.
Understand what test data is and describe the following types of test data:
• normal (typical)
• boundary (extreme)
• erroneous data.
These adaptable PowerPoint Presentations (74 Slides) cover all aspects of the specification in relation to AQA GCSE Computer Science 8525 (from 2020) component 3.1.
It includes:
Teaching PowerPoint Presentations (includes checkpoint questions and answers) -74 Slides
Student PowerPoint Presentations (Includes checkpoint questions, but omits the answers)
Content Covered:
Understand and explain the term algorithm.
Understand and explain the term decomposition.
Understand and explain the term abstraction.
Use a systematic approach to problem solving and algorithm creation representing those
algorithms using pseudo-code, program code and flowcharts.
Explain simple algorithms in terms of their inputs, processing and outputs.
Determine the purpose of simple algorithms.
Understand that more than one algorithm can be used to solve the same problem.
Compare the efficiency of algorithms explaining how some algorithms are more efficient than others in solving the same problem.
Understand and explain how the linear search algorithm works.
Understand and explain how the binary search algorithm works.
Compare and contrast linear and binary search algorithms.
Understand and explain how the merge sort algorithm works.
Understand and explain how the bubble sort algorithm works.
Compare and contrast merge sort and bubble sort algorithms.
This pack includes four practice exam papers with mark schemes for OCR GCSE Computer Science (9–1) specification (first teaching September 2020, examinations from 2022).
These papers provide students with an opportunity to familiarise themselves with the look and feel of an OCR paper.
The digital pack includes:
· two practice papers for Computer Systems (Paper 1)
· two practice papers for Computational thinking, algorithms and programming (Paper 2)
The papers combined cover all aspects of the computer science curriculum.
You will also receive a comprehensive mark scheme for each paper.
This pack consists of 14 end of topic tests that can be used to support your delivery of the course. In addition, the topic test bundle also contains a mark scheme for each test.
Unit 1.1 – 1 Test
Unit 1.2 – 3 Tests
Unit 1.3 – 2 Tests
Unit 1.4 -1 Test
Unit 1.5 - 1 Test
Unit 1.6 - 1 Test
Unit 2.1 - 1 Test
Unit 2.2 - 1 Test
Unit 2.3 - 1 Test
Unit 2.4 - 1 Test
Unit 2.5 - 1 Test
This pack consists of 37 editable homework/classwork activities that can be used to support your delivery of the Computer Science GCSE course. In addition, the homework bundle also contains a suggested mark scheme for each activity.
Unit 1.1
· Components of a CPU
· CPU Performance
· Embedded Systems
Unit 1.2
· ROM & RAM
· Flash Memory & Virtual Memory
· Data Capacity
· Storage Comparison
· Data Storage
· Compression
Unit 1.3
· LANS & WANS
· Wired & Wireless Networks
· Star & Mesh Topology
· Network Protocols
· The Concept of Layers
Unit 1.4
· Malware
· Network Threats
· Network Vulnerabilities
Unit 1.5
· Operating Systems
· Utility Software
Unit 1.6
· The Impacts of Technology
· The Digital Divide
· Legislation + Proprietary and Open Source Software
Unit 2.1
· Decomposition & Abstraction
· Flowcharts & Programs
· Sorting Data
· Sorting & Searching Programs
Unit 2.2
· Selection
· Iteration
· Arrays (Lists)
· Functions
Unit 2.3
· Authentication
· Maintainability
· Testing
Unit 2.4
· Boolean Logic & Truth Tables
· Logic Gates
Unit 2.5
· Programming Languages
· IDEs