This is a Handout on the Law of Murder, written by an experienced examiner and used over many years with my students. It is a short introduction to the topic and is an invaluable aid for AS and A Level students of the subject. It is 7-pages long and it is estimated that it would take about 60-minutes of teaching time. There are questions and exercises throughout. The Handout is structured as follows: Definition and Jurisdiction of Murder: Murder is defined as the unlawful killing of a reasonable person under the Queen’s peace with malice aforethought, and British citizens can be charged with murder committed in any country. Actus Reus Elements: The actus reus of murder includes four elements: D killed, a reasonable creature in being, under the Queen’s Peace, and the killing was unlawful. The document primarily focuses on the first element. Importance of Causation: For murder, it is crucial to prove that D’s act or omission caused the death of V, with examples like Gibbins v Proctor illustrating how omissions can fulfill actus reus. Reasonable Person in Being: The term refers to a human being, with complexities arising in cases involving a foetus or brain-dead individuals. Unlawful Killing: Killing is unlawful unless it is in self-defence, defence of another, or prevention of crime with reasonable force. Mens Rea for Murder: Murder requires specific intent, meaning the jury must be convinced of an intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm, as illustrated in cases like Vickers and Swift. Indirect or Oblique Intention: Issues arise when D’s primary aim is different from causing death or serious injury, but death results, requiring examination of indirect intention. An invaluable introduction to murder for any students of the subject!

An excellent Handout for students of AS and A Level Law which revises General Defences in English Law. The Worksheets are best used with the accompanying resource: General Defences in English Law. This 9-page Handout consists of: Defences and Burden of Proof: The document includes a table to complete, showing the defences (automatism, consent, duress, insanity, intoxication, self-defense) and the burden of proof for each. Automatism and Insanity: It discusses the differences between non-insane automatism and self-induced automatism, and the principal difference between automatism and insanity. Duress and Intoxication: The document poses true or false questions about duress and intoxication, referencing various cases such as Graham, Cole, Bowen, Abdul Hussain, and others to illustrate key legal principles. Case Scenarios: Several scenarios are given for analysis, asking which defences might be appropriate and assessing the likelihood of success for each defence. An excellent resource Worksheet for any students and teachers of Law.

Complete Handout/Worksheet on General Defences in English Law. Written by an experienced Law examiner and used many times in classes of my own, obtaining excellent results. This is a 25-page workbook which includes questions and highlighted key points and cases. There is an accompanying Worksheet of review questions in addition to this Worksheet. Here’s a summary of the document: The document provides an overview of various general defences in English law, including Automatism, Insanity, Duress, Intoxication, Consent, and Self-Defense/Prevention of Crime. Automatism: Automatism is divided into non-insane and self-induced automatism. Insanity: Insanity is governed by the M’Naghten Rules, which require proving a defect of reason caused by a disease of the mind, leading to a lack of understanding of the nature and quality of the act or its wrongfulness. Duress: Duress involves committing a crime under the threat of death or serious bodily harm. Intoxication: Intoxication can be a defense for specific intent crimes if it prevents the formation of mens rea. Consent: Consent is generally not a defense for causing actual bodily harm, except in cases of implied consent in sports or medical procedures. Self-Defense/Prevention of Crime: Self-defense allows the use of reasonable force to protect oneself, others, or property. Automatism vs. Insanity: The distinction between automatism and insanity often lies in whether the cause is external (automatism) or internal (insanity), leading to different legal outcomes. Duress by Threats vs. Duress of Circumstances: Duress by threats involves direct threats forcing D to commit a crime, while duress of circumstances involves committing a crime to avoid imminent harm. Voluntary vs. Involuntary Intoxication: Voluntary intoxication is self-induced and generally not a defense for basic intent crimes, while involuntary intoxication can be a defense if it negates mens rea. Proportionality in Self-Defence: The use of force in self-defense must be reasonable and proportional to the threat; excessive force invalidates the defence. An excellent resource for any AS or A Level Law student.

A FREE resource for Politics/Citizenship teachers and students. The chart shows the results of the General Elections held in the UK since 1945 and includes the updated 2024 figures. An invaluable guide for any students of Politics, Citizenship, history or anybody interested in general election results since 1945. The wallchart was created as a simple Word document and prints over 4 sheets of landscaped A4. Enjoy!

A Powerpoint presentation explaining the story of Halloween. Invaluable for students of all ages and incorporating a 10 question quiz at the end. Useful for Citizenship or Tutorial groups or perhaps even an Assembly. Includes speakers’ notes to accompany the slides. This is a FREE resource! An outline of the contents of the presentation: Celtic Origins: Halloween originated from the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, marking the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter. Evolution: Halloween evolved from a pagan festival to a secular holiday celebrated globally with costumes, parties, and trick-or-treating. American Influence: Irish immigrants brought Halloween to the United States in the 19th century, where it evolved into the modern celebration with costumes and trick-or-treating. Traditions: Popular Halloween traditions include carving pumpkins, trick-or-treating, and dressing up in costumes, all with roots in ancient practices. Global Celebrations: Halloween is celebrated worldwide with varying traditions, such as the Day of the Dead in Mexico and the Hungry Ghost Festival in some Asian countries. Used with hundreds of students across many different years and groups; an essential guide to the story of this pagan festival! Please take a look at my other resources in English, PSHE, Business, Politics and Law.

This Powerpoint is an invaluable resource for the delivery of an history of the LGBT movement in the UK. The Powerpoint includes Speakers’ Notes to help teachers in the delivery of the presentation. It consists of 24 slides with a 10-question quiz at the end. Included in the presentation is an** 8-minute video extract from “Newsnight” **and some discussion points to accompany it. An outline of the content: Pre-Stonewall Era: This section examines the social and legal context in which the LGBT movement emerged in the UK before the Stonewall riots. It highlights significant social and legal discrimination against the LGBT community, the impact of the Wolfenden Report, and the role of the Homosexual Law Reform Society. The Stonewall Riots and Birth of Modern LGBT Movement: This section explores the Stonewall riots in New York in 1969, which marked a turning point in the global LGBT movement. It also discusses the founding of the Gay Liberation Front UK and its pivotal role in the emergence of a new era of activism and visibility for the LGBT community. Legislative and Social Progress towards LGBT Equality: This section examines key moments in the UK’s legislative and social progress towards equality for the LGBT community. It covers significant milestones such as the Sexual Offences Act 1967, Section 28 of the Local Government Act 1988, and the Equality Act 20103. Conclusion: The presentation concludes by summarizing the progress made in advancing LGBT rights and visibility in the UK. It emphasizes the importance of activism and advocacy in achieving these milestones and highlights the ongoing challenges faced by the LGBT community. Tried and tested with many groups across different ages, this Powerpoint will help any teacher deliver information on the LGBT movement in the UK.

An 8-slide Powerpoint presentation which introduces students to the rituals and traditions of Bonfire Night in the UK. Invaluable as an aid to teachers delivering an assembly or perhaps an history lesson or even citizenship or a tutorial. Includes Speakers’ Notes and a 10-question quiz at the end. The Powerpoint includes: Gunpowder Plot: The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was a failed assassination attempt against King James I by a group of conspirators led by Guy Fawkes. Bonfire Night: Bonfire Night is celebrated on November 5th to commemorate the failure of the Gunpowder Plot. Traditions: Key traditions include lighting bonfires, setting off fireworks, and burning effigies of Guy Fawkes. Food and Drink: Traditional foods and drinks include toffee apples, roasted chestnuts, and mulled wine. Taught to many groups of students across a range of years. An invaluable guide to Bonfire Night in the UK!

A Powerpoint presentation on Black History Month which will be invaluable in helping students through a Tutorial or Citizenship class on the topic. Includes Speakers’ Notes. The Powerpoint consists of 30 slides: Origins: Black History Month was conceived by Carter G. Woodson in 1926 to recognize African American accomplishments. Significance: Black History Month honors the contributions and achievements of black people and deepens understanding of their struggles and triumphs. Cultural Impact: The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement celebrating black culture and identity, centered in Harlem, New York. Civil Rights: The Civil Rights Movement, led by figures like Martin Luther King Jr., fought for equal rights and an end to segregation and discrimination. Notable Figures: Prominent figures include Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks, who played crucial roles in the fight for civil rights. It ends with a quiz which can be used with students to review the material or act as a prompt for further debate or discussion. An invaluable aid for anyone teaching this vital programme.