Carbonyl Compounds (OCR)

4 Full Lesson Bundle which covers the lessons on carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids, esters and acyl chlorides from the OCR A Level Chemistry Specification. See below for the lesson objectives

Lesson 1: Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds

1. To understand the oxidation of aldehydes using Cr2O72-/H+ to form carboxylic acids
2. To understand nucleophilic addition reactions of carbonyl compounds with:
   NaBH4 to form alcohols
   HCN (NaCN (aq)/H+ (aq)) to form hydroxynitriles
3. To construct the mechanism for nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones with NaBH4 and HCN

Lesson 2: Testing for Carbonyl Compounds

1. To understand the use of Tollens’ reagent to:
   (i) detect the presence of an aldehyde group
   (ii) distinguish between aldehydes and ketones, explained in terms of the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids with reduction of silver ions to silver

2. To understand the use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to:
   (i) detect the presence of a carbonyl group in an organic compound
   (ii) identify a carbonyl compound from the melting point of the derivative

Lesson 3: Carboxylic acids and Esters

1. To explain the water solubility of carboxylic acids in terms of hydrogen bonding
2. To recall the reactions in aqueous conditions of carboxylic acids with metals and bases (including carbonates, metal oxides and alkalis)
3. To know the esterification of: (i) carboxylic acids with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst (ii) acid anhydrides with alcohols
4. To know the hydrolysis of esters: (i) in hot aqueous acid to form carboxylic acids and alcohols (ii) in hot aqueous alkali to form carboxylate salts and alcohols

Lesson 4: Acyl Chlorides and Their Reactions

1. To know how to name acyl chlorides
2. To recall the equation for the formation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids using SOCl2
3. To construct equations for the use of acyl chlorides in the synthesis of esters, carboxylic acids and primary and secondary amides

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