GCSE Biology Edexcel IGCSE - Topic 2: Structure and Functions in Living Organisms Notes Higher

Complete set of notes for each specification point (2.1 - 2.95) for Topic 2 (Structure and Functions in Living Organisms) of the GCSE Biology Edexcel IGCSE Exam Board. Suitable for 2024 or 2025 exams. Written by a GCSE Student, using lots of resources to create accurate notes to aid exams. Includes paper 1 and paper 2 notes (paper 2 is underlined), images, and diagrams and any practicals at the end of the document. Topics covered:

*** Level of Organisations:**
* Organ Systems
*** Cell Structure:**
* Plants and Animal Cells
* Specialised Cells
* Stem Cells
*** Biological Molecules:**
* Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids
* Enzymes
*** Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells:**
* Diffusion
* Osmosis
* Active Transport
*** Nutrition:**
* Photosynthesis
* Minerals
* Components of the Diet
* Peristalsis
* Villus
*** Respiration:**
* Aerobic vs Anaerobic
*** Gas Exchange:**
* Diffusion
* Structure of the Leaf
* Stomata
* Lungs
* Smoking
*** Transport:**
* Xylem
* Phloem
* Root Hair Cells
* Transpiration
* Vaccines
* Heart
* Arteries, Veins, Capillaries
*** Excretion:**
* Excretory Products
* Kidneys
* Nephrons
* ADH
*** Co-ordination and Response:**
* Homeostasis
* Auxins
* Neurotransmitters
* Synapses
* Reflex Arc
* Eye
* Cooling/Heating Mechanisms
* Adrenaline
* LH/FSH/Insulin
*** PRACTICALS**