Second World War - Spanish Civil War 1936

This lesson examines the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), highlighting its significance as a precursor to World War II. Students will explore the conflict between Republicans and Nationalists, key events, and international involvement. Activities include analysing propaganda posters, guided reading on major speeches, and writing diary entries from George Orwell’s perspective. The lesson concludes with a discussion on the war’s impact on Spanish society and its broader implications.

Lesson Content and Activities:

Introduction:
Discuss the Spanish Civil War, its causes, and its significance as a prelude to World War II.
Watch a video for an overview of the conflict.

Key Figures and Events:
Examine the roles of key figures such as Francisco Franco and Manuel Azaña.
Discuss the involvement of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in supporting the Nationalists, and the USSR and International Brigades supporting the Republicans.

Propaganda Posters:
Analyse Nationalist and Republican propaganda posters.
Discuss what each side aimed to communicate and how they tried to influence public opinion.

Guided Reading Task:
Read speeches by Francisco Franco, Manuel Azaña, Edward Knoblaugh, and George Orwell.
Complete the ‘viewpoints’ worksheet by summarising each leader’s perspective on the war.

What Happened at Guernica in 1937?
Discuss the bombing of Guernica, the role of the Luftwaffe, and the impact of this event.
Analyse Pablo Picasso’s painting “Guernica” and its depiction of the horrors of war.

George Orwell’s Diary:
Write diary entries from George Orwell’s perspective based on his experiences in the International Brigades.
Use the hint sheets to help structure the diary entries and include key events and conditions of the fighting.

Writing Task:
Write an essay explaining the significance of the Spanish Civil War in the context of the rise of fascism and the lead-up to World War II.
Use the PEEKA paragraph structure to organise arguments.

Class Discussion:
Share and discuss the diary entries and essays.
Reflect on the impact of the Spanish Civil War on Spain and its broader implications for European politics.

Resources:
Video link on the Spanish Civil War
Propaganda posters
Guided reading texts and viewpoints worksheet
Hint sheets for diary entries
PEEKA paragraph guidelines