Clinical trials (drug testing) is a section in topic 4 Question on clinical trial can be found in: • Unit 2 of IAL Biology Exam and • Paper 1 and 2 of Salters and Nuffield Biology A Exam In this document you will find: • Key point form summary for Withering trials • Key point form summary for Modern clinical trials • Comparison between the Withering and the modern clinical trials • Information on Placebo • Information on double blind studies • Why use animals for preclinical trials • Ethics on animal usage (questions based on past papers)

Transcription, splicing and translation are a few of the most important sections of A level Biology. This document contains all of the information you need (both from AS and A level) in order to answer any question about transcription, splicing, translation, mRNA and tRNA

This summary contains key points for each of the experiments covered in the Edexcel AS and A level Biology A (Salters-Nuffield). This booklet will be useful for all papers. Paper 1 and 2 have short questions on these experiments, whereas Paper 3 has longer questions. Use this summary to quickly learn all the key points for each experiment (procedure, precautions, limitations, constant variables, safety and ethics) Experiments: Daphnia: The effect of caffeine on Heart Rate Vitamin C: The Vitamin C content of fruit juice Investigating membranes (The effect of temperature on membranes – beetroot) Enzyme concentration and rate of reaction Mitosis Totipotency (Micropropagation) The strength of plant fibres Investigate Plant Mineral Deficiencies The Antimicrobial Properties of plants Isolation of pigments Investigating photosynthesis Investigating Patterns The effect of temperature on the hatching of brine shrimp DNA gel electrophoresis and PCR Investigating Antibiotic resistance Measuring the Rate of Oxygen Uptake Investigating Breathing (Spirometer) Investigating Habituation

References are very important: Allow you to acknowledge the contribution of other writers and researcher in your work Allow you to give credit to the writers from whom you have borrowed words and ideas A way to provide evidence to support your claims and conclusions Make your writing more persuasive In AS and A2 biology you will have to be able to write references. In Unit 3 question 2, the last part is usually about references This document is a guide of how to properly write references.

Unit 3 – International AS Level Biology, it consists of two questions: Question 1 is based on any one of the experiments covered in the AS syllabus Question 2 is a reading comprehension question. A case study with questions based on the article and / or on your biological knowledge This document contains a Unit 3 prediction chart, use this to know on which experiment you might be tested in your actual Unit 3 exam

This summary contains key points for each of the experiments covered in the international AS and A2 level Biology. Experiments Daphnia: The effect of caffeine on Heart Rate Vitamin C: The Vitamin C content of fruit juice Investigating membranes (The effect of temperature on membranes – beetroot) Enzyme concentration and rate of reaction Mitosis Totipotency (Micropropagation) The strength of plant fibres Investigate Plant Mineral Deficiencies The Antimicrobial Properties of plants Investigating Patterns The effect of temperature on the hatching of brine shrimp DNA gel electrophoresis and PCR Investigating Antibiotic resistance Measuring the Rate of Oxygen Uptake Investigating Breathing (Spirometer) Investigating Habituation This booklet will be useful for all Units. Use this summary to quickly learn all the key points for each experiment (procedure, precautions, limitations, constant variables, safety and ethics)

This summary contains key points for each of the experiments covered in the international AS level Biology. This booklet will be useful for all Units of the international AS Level Biology. Use this summary to quickly learn all the key points for each experiment (procedure, precautions, limitations, constant variables, safety and ethics) Experiments Daphnia: The effect of caffeine on Heart Rate Vitamin C: The Vitamin C content of fruit juice Investigating membranes (The effect of temperature on membranes – beetroot) Enzyme concentration and rate of reaction Mitosis Totipotency (Micropropagation) The strength of plant fibres Investigate Plant Mineral Deficiencies The Antimicrobial Properties of plants

The Unit 6 paper tests your knowledge and understanding on the experimental procedures and techniques that you have seen / done throughout the two year course of A Level Biology (AS and A2). It consists of 3 questions of total 50 marks, and the time allowed is 1 hour and 30 min. The following is a guideline of what you should write in each question. Study well and follow the structure outlined in this guideline and the exam will be a piece of cake.