This detailed and engaging lesson describes the movement of water molecules by osmosis and this is explained in terms of water potential. Both the PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been designed to cover the third part of specification point 2.3 as detailed in the AQA A-level Biology specification and they also describe the impact of solutions of different water potentials on suspended animal and plant cells. It’s likely that students will have used the term concentration in their osmosis definitions at GCSE, so the aim of the starter task is to introduce water potential to allow students to begin to recognise osmosis as the movement of water molecules from a high water potential to a lower potential, with the water potential gradient. Time is taken to describe the finer details of water potential to enable students to understand that 0 is the highest value (pure water) and that this becomes negative once solutes are dissolved. Exam-style questions are used throughout the lesson to check on current understanding as well as prior knowledge checks which make links to previously covered topics such as the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The remainder of the lesson focuses on the movement of water when animal and plant cells are suspended in hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic solutions and the final appearance of these cells is described, including any issues this may cause. This lesson has been specifically written to tie in with the previous two lessons in topic 2.3 that cover the cell membrane and diffusion as well as an upcoming lesson on active transport and co-transport.

This is a fully-resourced lesson that looks at the different skills needed to calculate the percentage yield. This lesson has been designed for GCSE students and includes an engaging lesson presentation and a skills check worksheet. As well as the obvious Science involved in the lesson, the students’ mathematical skills are challenged as they have to rearrange formulae and also there is a literacy element as recognition of the different types of yield is important. The percentage yield formula is broken down into the two elements of theoretical yield and actual yield and a step by step guide through worked examples is used to visualise how these calculations should be tackled. Students are given regular opportunities to test the skills which they have just learnt (or recalled) before bringing them together to calculate the percentage yield. The lesson finishes with a difficult question which challenges the students to rearrange the formula to make theoretical yield the subject.

This is a fully-resourced lesson which uses exam-style questions, quiz competitions, quick tasks and discussion points to challenge students on their understanding of topics B5 - B7, that will assessed on PAPER 2. It has been specifically designed for students on the AQA GCSE Combined Science course who will be taking the FOUNDATION TIER examinations but is also suitable for students taking the higher tier who need to ensure that the fundamentals are known and understood. The lesson has been written to take place at a health clinics day at the local hospital so that the following sub-topics could be covered: Control of blood glucose concentration Diabetes type I and II The endocrine system The menstrual cycle Roles of the female and male reproductive hormones Sexual and asexual reproduction Meiosis and gametes Sex determination Contraception Evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria Genetic terminology Inheritance of genetic disorders The central nervous system A reflex arc Classification systems and the binomial naming system Structural adaptations Carbon cycle and climate change In order to maintain challenge whilst ensuring that all abilities can access the questions, the majority of the tasks have been differentiated and students can ask for extra support when they are unable to begin a question. Step-by-step guides have also been written into the lesson to walk students through some of the more difficult concepts such as genetic diagrams and interpreting the results and evolution by natural selection. Due to the extensiveness of this revision lesson, it is estimated that it will take in excess of 3 teaching hours to complete the tasks and therefore this can be used at different points throughout the course as well as acting as a final revision before the PAPER 2 exam.

This fully-resourced lesson has been designed to cover the specification point about co-dominance (and blood groups) as detailed in the supplement section of topic 17 (inheritance) of the CIE IGCSE Biology specification. As specified in this point, students will learn how this inheritance of the ABO blood group system demonstrates co-dominance (and also multiple alleles). A potentially difficult topic, time has been taken to include guidance sections where students are walked through the interpretation of the different genotypes to find out the phenotypes as well as constructing genetic diagrams and calculating blood groups from pedigree trees. There is a real focus on genetic terminology such as allele, locus, genotype and phenotype so that the understanding is deep and students can use this if they choose to further their studies at A-level. This lesson has been designed for GCSE-aged students studying the CIE IGCSE Biology course but is also suitable for older students who are learning about codominance and multiple alleles at A-level

This fully-resourced lesson looks at the use and interpretation of electrocardiogram (ECG) traces and focuses on their use in the diagnosis of CVD and other heart conditions. The engaging PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been designed to cover point 3.1.2 (h) of the OCR A-level Biology A specification and continual links are made to linked topics from earlier in this module The lesson has been written to take place in an imaginary cardiology ward where the students are initially challenged on their knowledge of the symptoms and risk factors of CVD before looking at testing through the use of ECGs and diagnosis. The main focus of the lesson is the ECG and a quiz competition is used to introduce the reference points of P, QRS and T before time is taken to explain their representation with reference to the cardiac cycle. Moving forwards, a SPOT the DIFFERENCE task is used to challenge the students to recognise differences between sinus rhythm and some abnormal rhythms including tachycardia and atrial fibrillation. Bradycardia is used as a symptom of sinus node disfunction and the students are encouraged to discuss this symptom along with some others to try to diagnose this health problem.

This fully-resourced lesson covers the part of specification point 7.1 of the AQA A-level Biology specification which states that students should be able to use genetic diagrams to interpret the results of crosses involving codominant and multiple alleles. The inheritance of ABO blood groups has three alleles at the gene locus on chromosome 9 where the alleles for A and B are codominant and this is used to introduce the two concepts. A range of tasks challenges the students to write genotypes, and construct genetic diagrams to calculate phenotypic ratios. They have to apply their understanding by working out the blood groups for a number of family members when presented with an incomplete pedigree tree. The final task of the lesson challenges their application skills further but this time, the animals involved are not humans. Each question is followed by a detailed, visual mark scheme so students can assess their progress and address any misconceptions

This is an engaging revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick differentiated tasks and quiz competitions to allow students to assess their knowledge of the topic of electrolysis. This is a topic which is almost guaranteed to be on the GCSE paper every year and therefore a student’s ability to achieve good marks on this topic will have a big impact on their overall success. The lesson looks at the electrolysis of both molten salts and aqueous solutions and guides students through predicting the products at each of the electrodes as well as writing half equations to represent these reactions. Students will enjoy the range of activities including quiz rounds such as “Have you got the SOLUTION” whilst crucially being able to recognise the finer details of this topic which require their further attention before an end of topic assessment or the terminal GCSE exams.

A fully resourced revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions (with explained answers), quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable the students to assess their understanding of the topics found within module 6.1 (Cellular control) of the OCR A-level Biology specification. The topics tested within this lesson include: Gene mutations Regulation of gene expression The Lac Operon Student will enjoy the range of tasks and quiz rounds whilst crucially being able to recognise any areas which require further attention

This fully-resourced revision lesson has been written to cover the major details of the radioactivity topic that can be assessed in the GCSE Physics and Combined Science (HT) exams. The engaging PowerPoint and accompanying resources contain a wide range of activities which include exam-style questions with clearly explained answers, differentiated tasks and quiz competitions to allow students to assess their understanding and to ultimately recognise those areas which need further consideration. The following points are covered in this revision lesson: Describe the structure of atom and recall the typical size Recall the relative masses and charges of the subatomic particles and use the number of protons and electrons to explain why atoms are neutral Describe the structure of the nuclei of an isotope Explain what is meant by background radiation and recall sources Describe methods for measuring and detecting radioactivity Describe the process of beta minus and beta plus decay Write and balance nuclear decay equations Explain the effects on the proton and nucleon number as a result of decay Recall that the unit of radioactivity is Bq Use the concept of half-life to carry out calculations Describe the use of isotopes in PET scanners Describe the differences between nuclear fission and fusion Explain how the fission of U-235 produces two daughter nuclei, two or three neutrons and releases energy Write equations to represent nuclear fission Describe the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy Explain why nuclear fusion cannot happen at low temperatures and pressures

A fully-resourced lesson that looks at the meaning of the mole and shows how this measurement is used in calculations. The lesson includes a clear lesson presentation (32 slides) and a set of questions. This lesson has been written to explain in a concise manner so that the key details are understood and embedded. Students are shown how to recognise when a mole calculation requires them to use Avogadro’s constant and when they should the formula including the relative formula mass. This lesson has been designed for GCSE students (14 -16 year olds in the UK)

An engaging lesson presentation (72 slides) and associated worksheets that uses a combination of exam questions, quick tasks and quiz competitions to help the students to assess their understanding of the topics found within unit B6 of the AQA GCSE Biology specification. The topics that are tested within the lesson include: Sexual and asexual reproduction DNA structure Genetic inheritance and disorders Sex determination Variation Genetic engineering Resistant bacteria Classification of living organisms Students will be engaged through the numerous activities including quiz rounds like "From Numbers 2 LETTERS" and "This shouldn't be too TAXing" whilst crucially being able to recognise those areas which need further attention

This lesson describes a range of methods that are used to conserve habitats and explains how this frequently involves the management of succession. The engaging PowerPoint and accompanying worksheets are part of the final lesson in a series of 4 lessons which have been designed to cover the content of topic 7.4 (Populations in ecosystems) of the AQA A-level Biology specification Hours of research has gone into the planning of this lesson to source interesting examples that increase the relevance of the biological content and these include the Lizard National Nature Reserve in Cornwall, the Lake Télé Community reserve in the Republic of Congo and the marine conservation zone in the waters surrounding Tristan da Cunha. Students will learn how this form of active management conserves habitats and species in their natural environment, with the aim of minimising human impact whilst maintaining biodiversity. The main issues surrounding this method are discussed, including the fact that the impact of this conservation may not be significant if the population has lost much of its genetic diversity and that despite the management, the conditions that caused the species to become endangered may still be present. To enrich their understanding of the importance of ex situ conservation, the Millennium Seed Bank Project in Wakehurst is used and time is taken to consider how seed banks can be used to ensure that endangered plant species avoid extinction and how the plants can be bred asexually to increase plant populations quickly. The final part of this lesson describes how the active management of a habitat in Downe, Kent, has allowed kidney vetch to flourish, which is critical for the small blue butterfly which feeds, lives, and lays eggs on this plant. This example has been specifically chosen to further emphasise the key point that conservation frequently manages succession.

This engaging revision lesson has been designed to guide students through the numerous elements of the OCR A-level Biology A specification which challenge their mathematical skills. A good performance in these MATHS IN BIOLOGY questions across the three assessment papers can prove the difference between a number of grades and this resource provides the students with support and plenty of opportunities to apply their understanding. Both the provided and recall formulae are covered in this lesson and students can assess their progress against the displayed mark schemes with detailed explanations in order to identify any areas which require further attention. The following mathematical skills and formulae are covered during this revision lesson: Hardy-Weinberg principle Chi-squared test Calculating magnification Converting between units of size Standard deviation Mean Estimating populations using sampling results Genetic diversity (polymorphic gene loci) Simpson’s Index of Diversity Percentages Percentage change Cardiac output Respiratory quotient Retention factor The majority of the tasks are differentiated two ways, to allow students of differing abilities to access the work and the different quiz rounds such as “YOU DO THE MATH” and “Fill the VOID” will maintain engagement over the duration of this extensive lesson. It is estimated that this lesson will take in excess of 2 hours teaching time to cover and can be used at different points of the course when these skills need to be tested and honed.

This fully-resourced lesson has been designed to cover the higher tier content of specification points 7.13 & 7.14 (Control of blood glucose concentration) as found in topic 7 of the Edexcel GCSE Biology & Combined Science specifications. This resource contains an engaging PowerPoint and accompanying worksheets, some of which have been differentiated so that students of different abilities can access the work. The resource is filled with a wide range of activities, each of which has been designed to engage and motivate the students whilst ensuring that the key Biological content is covered in detail. The students will learn how blood glucose concentration is controlled by insulin and glucagon secretion and some time is taken to look at diabetes type I and II to make the link. Understanding checks are included throughout so that the students can assess their grasp of the content. In addition, previous knowledge checks make links to content from earlier topics such as the endocrine system and literacy checks ensure that the students can spell and recognise the key words, which is extremely important considering how many terms begin with the letter g in this homeostatic control system. As stated at the top, this lesson has been designed for GCSE-aged students who are studying the Edexcel GCSE Biology or Combined Science courses, but it can be used with A-level students who need to go back over the key points before looking at the homeostatic control in more detail

This is a detailed and engaging REVISION lesson which is fully-resourced and uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 7 (Radioactivity and particles) of the Pearson Edexcel IGCSE Physics 9-1 specification (4PH1) for first assessment in June 2019. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: Use the following units: becquerel (Bq), centimetre (cm), hour (h), minute (min) and second (s) Describe the structure of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons and use symbols to represent isotopes Know the terms atomic (proton) number, mass (nucleon) number and isotope Know that alpha (α) particles, beta (β−) particles, and gamma (γ) rays are ionising radiations emitted from unstable nuclei in a random process Describe the nature of alpha (α) particles, beta (β−) particles, and gamma (γ) rays, and recall that they may be distinguished in terms of penetrating power and ability to ionise Describe the effects on the atomic and mass numbers of a nucleus of the emission of each types of radiation Understand how to balance nuclear equations in terms of mass and charge Know that the activity of a radioactive source decreases over a period of time and is measured in becquerels Know the definition of the term half-life and understand that it is different for different radioactive isotopes Use the concept of the half-life to carry out simple calculations on activity Know that nuclear reactions, including fission, fusion and radioactive decay, can be a source of energy Understand how a nucleus of U-235 can be split (the process of fission) by collision with a neutron, and that this process releases energy as kinetic energy of the fission products Know that the fission of U-235 produces two radioactive daughter nuclei and a small number of neutrons Describe how a chain reaction can be set up if the neutrons produced by one fission strike other U-235 nuclei Explain the difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission Describe nuclear fusion as the creation of larger nuclei resulting in a loss of mass from smaller nuclei, accompanied by a release of energy Know that fusion is the energy source for stars The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “It’s as easy as ABG” where they have to compete to be the 1st to form a word by using clues about the different types of radiation whilst all the time evaluating and assessing which areas of this topic will need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual International GCSE exams

This fully-resourced lesson explains how a combination of hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure results in the formation of tissue fluid from plasma. The detailed PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been designed to cover point 3.1.2 (d) of the OCR A-level Biology A specification and includes a section on the differences between blood, tissue fluid and lymph The lesson begins with an introduction to the arteriole and venule end of a capillary as these will need to be considered as separate entities when describing the formation of tissue fluid. A quick quiz competition introduces a value for the hydrostatic pressure at the arteriole end and students are challenged to first predict some parts of the blood will move out of the capillary as a result of the push from the hydrostatic pressure and this allows oncotic pressure to be initially explored. The main part of the lesson uses a step by step guide to describe how the net movement is outwards at the arteriole end before students will use this guidance to describe what happens at the venule end. In the concluding part of the lesson, students will come to recognise oedema as a condition where tissue fluid accumulates and they again are challenged to explain how this occurs before they finally learn how the fluid is returned to the circulatory system as lymph This lesson has been written to tie in with the other uploaded lessons from module 3.1.2 (Transport in animals)

This is a highly detailed and engaging lesson that covers the detail of specification point 5.1.1 © of the OCR A-level Biology A specification which states that students should be able to demonstrate and apply an understanding of the generation and transmission of nerve impulses in mammals. This topic is commonly assessed in the terminal exams so a lot of time has been taken to design this resource to include a wide range of activities that motivate the students whilst ensuring that the content is covered in the depth of detail that will allow them to have a real understanding. Interspersed within the activities are understanding checks and prior knowledge checks to enable the students to not only assess their progress against the current topic but also to challenge themselves on the links to earlier topics such as methods of movements across cell membranes and saltatory conduction. There are also a number of quiz competitions which are used to introduce key terms and values in a fun and memorable way and discussion points to encourage the students to consider why a particular process or mechanism occurs. Over the course of the lesson, the students will learn and discover how the movement of ions across the membrane causes the membrane potential to change. They will see how the resting potential is maintained through the use of the sodium/potassium pump and potassium ion leakage. There is a real focus on depolarisation to allow students to understand how generator potentials can combine and if the resulting depolarisation then exceeds the threshold potential, a full depolarisation will occur. At this point in the lesson students will discover how the all or nothing response explains that action potentials have the same magnitude and that instead a stronger stimulus is linked to an increase in the frequency of the transmission. The rest of the lesson challenges the students to apply their knowledge to explain how repolarisation and hyperpolarisation result and to suggest advantages of the refractory period for nerve cells. This lesson has been designed for students studying the OCR A-level Biology course and ties in nicely with other uploaded lessons on mammalian sensory receptors and the structures and functions of the neurones.

This lesson has been designed to cover the content of specification point 4.1.1.1 (Eukaryotes and prokaryotes) of the AQA GCSE Biology and Combined Science course. The understanding of this topic is fundamental to a lot of the later topics on the course so time has been taken to ensure that the key details are covered whilst engagement levels are kept high through the range of activities. The lesson begins by asking students to copy a diagram of a bacterial cell from memory before challenging them to recognise anything that is missing so they can discover the lack of the nucleus. Students are introduced to the idea of a prokaryotic cell before important questions are answered such as the fact that the cell still has DNA despite the absence of the nucleus. Key terms such as plasmid are introduced to the students through the use of quiz competitions in an effort to increase the likelihood of these words being remembered. Moving forwards, eukaryotic cells are considered and the common features of both of the cells are discussed and recalled. Finally, students are asked to compare both types of cells in terms of their size before being challenged on a range of mathematical skills in which they have to convert between the units of centimetres, millimetres, micrometres and nanometres.

A series of 5 exam questions that challenge students to work out the actual size of a section as seen under a microscope or the magnification. These questions will test their ability to convert between measurements and give answers in micrometers. These questions are suitable for GCSE and A-level students

This is a fully-resourced REVISION lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 3 (Electricity) of the OCR GCSE Physics A 9-1 specification. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: Describe the production of static electricity, and sparking, by rubbing surfaces, and evidence that charged objects exert forces of attraction or repulsion on one another when not in contact Explain how transfer of electrons between objects can explain the phenomena of static electricity Recall that current has the same value at any point in a single closed loop Recall and apply: potential difference (V) = current (A) x resistance (Ω) Recall and apply: power (W) = potential difference (V) x current (A) = (current (A))2 x resistance (Ω) Describe the differences between series and parallel circuits Represent d.c. circuits with the conventions of positive and negative terminals, and the symbols that represent common circuit elements Recall that current (I) depends on both resistance ® and potential difference (V) and the units in which these are measured Recall and apply the relationship between I, R and V, and that for some resistors the value of R remains constant but that in others it can change as the current changes Explain that for some resistors the value of R remains constant but that in others it can change as the current changes Use graphs and relate the curves produced to the function and properties of circuit elements Calculate the currents, potential differences and resistances in d.c. series and parallel circuits Apply the equations relating potential difference, current, quantity of charge, resistance, power, energy, and time, and solve problems for circuits which include resistors in series, using the concept of equivalent resistance Students will be thoroughly engaged throughout the lesson due to the range of activities which include quiz competitions such as “GRAFT over these GRAPHS” where they compete to be the 1st to recognise a particular component from its resistance graph. The main two question tasks are differentiated so that students who need extra assistance can still access the work and challenge their knowledge. This lesson is suitable to be used as a revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams