Jack Leo Van Impe was an American televangelist know for his 30 minute weekly series Jack Van Impe Presents , an eschatological commentary on the news of the week through an interpretation of the Bible. The program was aired both religious broadcasters and the purchasing of paid programming time on commercial television stations. jack was know as the Walking Bible having memorized most of the king James version of the Bible. His wife, Rexella, was co-host on the television ministry. His parents were Belgium immigrants who had moved to Troy. Michigan in 1929 two years before he was born on 9th February 1931. Jack and his father Oscar played the accordion at night clubs. They enjoyed drinking alcoholic beverages together - a European tradition. When Jack was 12, in 1943, both his father and mother, Marie Louise, experienced a conversion experience. A week later Jack walked to the front of church to profess his own faith. Father and son smashed all their bottles of alcoholic beverages. He never drank alcohol again. Oscar became a missionary with a very strong faith and Jack decided to be an evangelist. Together they played their accordions across Michigan and other states. In 1948 Jack graduated from school and entered Detroit Bible institute. He earned his diploma in 1952 and began his career as a preacher, evangelist and extensive recording career. He worked with the Billy Graham crusades. At a Youth for Christ rally with Chuck Ohman he met his future wife, Rexella Mae Shelton. They married on 21st August 1954. In the 1950s he released dozens of Gospel and spoken word recordings. His first album Presenting the Van Impes featured jack on the accordion and Rexelle on the organ. ( He later used an accorgan -a type of electronic accordion.) Together in 1970 they started Jack Van Impe Crusades Inc… They travelled the USA together, performing music and preaching in 130 cities in 10 years, For over 30 years Jack and Rexelle hosted Jack Van Impe Presents - a non profit organization. They offered eschatological (end times) commentary on current affairs he would recall Scripture on his show as he explained his apocalyptic theology before ending each episode with a call for viewers to prepare for the end by accepting Christ as their Lord and Saviour The television ministry, started in 1980, ran into financial trouble in 1984. It was relaunched in 1988 on TBN. In the new show Rexelle performed a piece of music, chatted with her husband, then Jack would bring up contemporary headlines and explain their prophetic significance. In the mid 1990s it was aired in about 25,000 cities in the USA, Canada and 150 other countries. In January 2017 Jack broke his hip. On 27th May 2017, taking doctor’s advice, the couple ended their TV ministries. Jack, a popular televangelist and one of the world’s best known end times preacher, died at the age of 88 on 18th January this year 2020. Sources Home - JVIM The New York Times wikipedia

Christine Caine and her husband Nick are best known for founding The A21 Campaign in 2008 - the global anti-trafficking organization. In 2015 they founded the Propel Women organization designed to honour the calling of every woman, enpower her to lead, equip her for success and develop a sense of God given purpose. EMPOWER, EQUIP, MOBILIZE Christine is an Australian born , Greek blooded, lover of Jesus, author and international speaker. She was adopted at birth by Greek Orthodox Immigrants who raised her in a public commission housing in Lalor Park, New South Wales. She has a degree in English from the University of Sydney and she attended and graduated from Hillsong College in1992. Her passion is to fulfill Christ’s command of going into the world to save others. On leaving college she volunteered as a youth worker and help establish Hills District Youth Service. She went onto become the director of a nationwide youth ministry. Christine and her husband Nick have a passion for justice and together they founded the A21 campaign in 2008. A21 is a non-profit, non-government organization which fights to** abolish slavery everywhere , for ever,** Christine apparently is a lover of words - she speaks too fast, talks too much and also writes them down (See list of works) She is active in speaking about her passion for God. She speaks in churches, conferences and other events across the world. Nick, who she married in 1996, is now the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of A21 and pastor of Zoe Churches. A21 has now 10 or 12 offices in 11 countries. He is also the pastor and director of Equip & Empower Ministries He assists in church plants, trains leaders and helps the lost come to Christ. Together they are a powerful couple striving to eradicate slavery, give women equal rights and bring non-Christians to know Jesus.

William Samuel Winston. also known as Dr. Bill Winston or Bill Winston is an American televangelist, preacher, author and entrepreneur. He is the founder and senior pastor of Living Word Christian Center, a non-denominational church in Forest park, Illinois with over 20,000 members. He is also the founder of Bill Winston Ministries (BWM), Faith Ministries Alliance (FMA), Bible Training Center,Joseph Business School and The Joseph Center. Bill was born on 6th May 1943 and raised in Tuskegee. He says he was inspired by the Tuckegee airmen and other local aviators. In 1967 he graduated from the Tuskee Institute and enlisted in the US Air Force (1967-73). He served as a fighter pilot during the Vietnam War. Awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross after he piloted an F-4E Phantom that struck anti-aircraft batteries deep within North Vietnamese territory in March 1971. In 1973 he joined IBM Corporation. He soon became Regional marketing manager in the Midwest region (1973-85). While at IBM he met and married Veronica Irene Brown in 1982. He was also ‘born again’ while at IBM and felt a call into full time ministry and left to attend Logos Bible School. (Briefly attended Oral Roberts University in 1996) In 1988, while living in Minneapolis, Minnesota, they started a small ministry. They travelled to Chicago every week-end to sponsor a 2 day crusade- attendance less than 20. They moved to Chicago in December. He began a Bible training school at the local Quality Inn Hotel. 1989 the school was called Living Word Church of Chicago. 1990 renamed Living Word Christian Center. Bill and Veronica were both preachers and authors. She was also a teacher and intercessor. 1994-7 they rented a space at a banquet hall in Forest park, Illinois The ministry grew (exploded) and they then purchased the Forest Park Mall - a 33 acre shopping mall. New Year’s Eve of 1997 they had their first worship service. The church today has now expanded into a multi-million dollar, state-of-the-art worship center with over 20,000 members. 20 to 20,000 that’s an explosion. Bill’s teachings, writings, weekly television and radio programs are circulated through his ministry outreach - Bill Winston Ministries - a partnership based global outreach. They are aired by hisBeliever’s Walk of Faith television and radio programs on the God TV and the Impact Network. His audience, worldwide is millions. His sermons are aired on several radio networks within the USA. He has written, authored and self published 15 books and other material. Veronica, his wife, is a leader of the Living World Christian Center. They have 3 children and 8 grand children. He has 882 inter/national churches and ministries through FMA under his spiritual covering. His ministry owns 2 shopping malls. He is founder and CEO of Golden Eagle Aviation based in Tuskegee. Together they have built up a wonderful, Holy Spirit led, ministry. Sources used Bill Winston Ministries Wikipedia

Eduardo ‘Eddie’ Crux Villanueva, often referred to as 'Bro. Eddie Villanueva, is an evangelist and president- founder of one of the largest Christ-centers, Bible based, full gospel churches in the world Jesus is Lord Church Worldwide. (JILCW) 1978 He is the founder of the Philippines for Jesus Movement (PJM) which has more than 40 bishops from different Christian churches nationwide as members. He is founder and owner of Jesus is Lord Colleges Foundation, Inc. (JIKCF). He owns the ZOE television and radio Broadcasting Network - he hosts 3 of the programs Eduardo has also been a presidential candidate for the Philippines elections in 2004 and 2010. He currently a member of the 18th Congress of the Philippines and deputy speaker of the House of representatives since 22nd July 2019. Eduarda was born on 5th October 1946 in Bocaue, the Philippines. In 1969 he graduated from Philippine College of Commerce (PCC) (now called Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP)) with a degree in commerce, majoring in economics. In the 1970s he was immersed in both student and labour movements, joining the progressive segments of society which opposed Marcos’ dictatorship. He was a communist-athiest, radical activist and street parliamentarian. He worked as a full time member in the Economics and Finance Department of PCC until 1972. He was export manager of Maran Export Industries (1973). He was general manager of the Agape trading Co. (1976/7). He returned to PUP in 1978 as a part time professor. In 1973 he had a life changing encounter with the Lord. At the time he was involved with a protracted legal battle - he was the victim of a notorious land grabbing syndicate. 5 days after the encounter the land grabbers were arrested and detained. On 5th October 1978 he founded the Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide (JILCW) formerly known as Jesus Is Lord Fellowship - which had 15 members from his Bible studies. Jesus is Lord (JIL) in 2007 stated it had over 5 million members today in 18 cities in Metro Manila, 80 provinces in the Philippines and 6o countries in the world. Most members abroad are overseas Filipino workers and their families. Eduardo has been awarded numerous awards for his ministry. He was conferred the office of Episcopacy by the Sectarian Body of Christ in the Philippines in April 1996. Two months later he received the Gintong Ama (Golden Father) award. Eduardo was married to Sister Adoracion ‘Dory’ Villaneva who died on 10th March 2020 . Sister Dory had been the loving mother of their 4 children, she had also been president of JILCF Christian school in Bocaue. Sister Dory helped Brother Eddie grow the religious group which has now over 6 million members in 44 countries. Sister Dory Villanueva dies at 73 Sources used Jesus Is Lord Sister Dory dies at 73 wikipedia

Edwin Barry ‘Ed’ Young is the founding and senior pastor of Fellowship Church, Grapevine. Texas. His wife, Lisa, is also an important member of the team, working with the women. They are both best selling authors. Ed, born 16th March 1961, received a basketball scholarship at Florida State University (FSU). After his second year, having received a call into the ministry, he transferred to Houston Baptist University where he received a bachelor’s degree. He then earned MD degree from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Fort Worth, Texas. Lisa has a degree in Childhood Education Ed began his ministry during hie second year at FSU. He soon returned to Houston Texas to work as an associate pastor at his father’s Second Baptist Church February 1990 Ed began Fellowship Church (FC) in a rented office complex. He quickly moved to an arts center. In 1996 FC moved into Irving’s MacArthur High School - 5 weekly services and a weekly attendance of 5,000. FC opened its first permanent facility in Grapevine Texas in April 1998. It was initially known as Fellowship of Las Colinas. The site was larger and more expensive than what they wanted but within 2 years part of it was sold off ((debt- purchase =0 debt). (Read - History of Fellowship Church) In 2020 the weekly attendance was 24,162. In 2003 or 5 FC opened its first 2 satellite stations in Plano and Fort Worth. Other campuses have been added over the years. All the campuses act as an extension of FC. They all have live music and their own staff, all sermons are broadcast from the Grapevine campus. (Read Satellite locations Television plays a very important part. He has an international ministry that includes the television broadcasts , *Ed Young Television, C3 Global, the C3 Conference and Fellowship Live. * Both Ed and Lisa have written a number of books. They co-authored the New York Times Best seller Sexperiment: 7days to Lasting Intimacy with Your Spouse. Ed wrote The Fear Virus (2020) OUTREACH 2008 hosted 1st summer camp and retreat center in Hawkins. TX at Allaso Ranch In 2010 FC and C3 Global provided 11 million meals after the earthquake hit Haiti In August 2013 FC opened a leadership college - University of Next Level. In 2016 they opened its first prison campus with* God Behind Bars.* Ed and Lisa are involved in C3 Global (Read Church Growth -their vision 2017). 2017 FC helped with relief recovery after Hurricane Harvey . Fellowship Church, under the leadership of pastor Ed Young, ably supported by his wife, Lisa, and notable guest speakers, has been constantly ranked as one of the most attended churches in North America over the past decade. Ed has a passion for making the complex simple, as he speaks truth to people in ways they can understand and apply to their everyday lives. Sources used My C3 Global TBN Wikipedia - Ed and Lisa Young, Fellowship Church

Dr. H. Edwin Young, often called Ed Young, is the senior pastor of the Second Baptist Church in Houston, Texas. Pioneer of the multisite church. Broadcasting ministry is The Winning Walk. In 2016 launched Loving Kids with Bishop James Dixon, in Houston. Ed was born in Laurel, Jones County, southeastern Mississippi.His family was so poor he had no shoes until in third grade. He entered the university of Alabama with an engineering major. Half way through his freshman year he felt a call to the ministry and enrolled at Mississippi College in Clinton. He then went to Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Wake Forest, Carolina. Ed was a pastor in both North and South Carolina until 1978. In 1978 he moved to his present church - South Baptist Houston. The average attendance grew from 500 to over 32,000 today, with a membership of 83,000. This happened though innovation and creativity. In 1999 South Baptist became one church on 2 locations… It has 6 campuses in the Houston Metropolitan area. In January 2017 it created a virtual online campus - each week’s sermon is streamed daily throughout the world The Winning Walk is his international on-air and online teaching ministry. It proclaims the proven truth of God’s Word to give men and women the world over a winning way to live life. In 2016 he became involved in the ’ Loving Kids ’ program -the idea is to support children from a predominately low income area of Acres Homes with mentors, tutors and teaching assistants in the hope is it will make a dramatic difference to the lives of children and families for years. In addition on the church campuses they host over 8,000 of Houston’s lowest income families - Angels of Light. The families receive help with groceries. clothing, toys and Christmas presents. He has also been involved with relief work. He has instrumental in in the creation and organization of helping with storms, hurricanes and the present COVID -19 pandemic. Ed has twice been elected president of the Southern Baptist Convention - 1992 and 1993. Over the years he has required heart surgery - 1988 he had angioplasty to open a clogged heart artery. -May 2010 he had an operation to fit a triple coronary bypass. In 2005 he wrote* Total Heart Health for Men Workbook * which looked at methods of reducing the risk . He has written several other books For over 40 years Dr. H. Edwin Young he has been the senior pastor at Second Baptist Church, Houston, Texas. He continues to a dynamic and gifted communicator. He is a much sought after speaker on church growth, leadership principles and moral issues facing today’s culture. ( See - Senate Bill 6 -the bathroom bill) He and his wife, Jo Beth, have 3 sons Edwin Barry, Ben and Cliff. All 3 are involved in the ministry. ( For more information on Edwin read separate entry Ed Young) Sources used daystar.com Urban Weekly Newspaper Publication Website Wikipedia

James Robison is an American Televangelist and the founder and president of the Christian relief organization- Life Outreach International. James, with his wife Betty, now host the daily television program LIFE Today. James was born and raised in Pasadena, Texas. His mother, Myra Wattinger, was raped. She wanted an abortion: the doctor refused. She put an ad in the paper for a Christian couple to adopt him. H.D. Hale, a local area pastor and his wife, raised James. The mother reclaimed James and he was brought up in poverty. Aged 14 he became a born again Christian. He had a strained relationship with his biological father who an alcoholic He confronted his father, aged 15, in a violent manner. While at Pasadena High School he met Betty Freeman. Rev.Hale married them on 23rd February 1963, they were both 19. Together they studied and in 1965 graduated with honours from Middle Tennessee State University. They started their ministry in 1965 together,. In 1968, through Billy Graham, they went into full time television ministry. James invitations to speak increased . The crowds grew into millions Crusades were held in stadiums… In 1979 James lost his regular slot on WFAA-TV in Dallas for preaching a sermon calling homosexuality a sin. In response he organized a Freedom Rally at the Dallas Convention Center -10,000 attended. This was a genesis , according to Mike Huckabee, for Moral Majority - an association with conservative Christians supporting Republican candidates. (See definition of Moral Majority) In the early 1980s he eventually rose to become a prominent and popular conservative religious leader. Mid 1980s he abruptly withdrew from political activities and focused on his own church community, church unity and seeking forgiveness. He did not like the person he had become. Betty agreed. Through a series of life altering events they began to experience a new level of spiritual freedom. God provide them an opportunity to minister in South Africa LIFE Today TV program LIFE Today is aired around on various television networks, both secular and Christian such as Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN) and Daystar. Today It features real stories where ministry partners and a wide range of personalities tell of their own conversion and faith impacts their lives and the lives of others. They are able to share their vision to reach impoverished children by meeting their basic needs of food, clean water, shelter, clothing and medical care and most importantly the love of Christ. Their regular church is Gateway,a DFW (non- denominational) megachurch pastored by Robert Morris. Today James and Betty have 3 children, 11 grandchildren and live in Fort Worth. This is where their program LIFE Today and their ministry LIFE Outreach are based. They lost their daughter Robin to throat cancer in 2012. Sources used LIFE Outreach International Wikipedia

Albert Benjamin Simpson, also known as A.B. Simpson was a Canadian preacher, theologian, author and founder of the Christian and Ministry Alliance (C&MA) which has an emphasis on global evangelism. He was born in Bayview, near Cavendish, Prince Edward Island, Canada and raised in a strict Calvinistic Scottish Presbyterian and Puritan tradition. His conversion began under the ministry of Henry Gratton Guinness, a visiting evangelist from Ireland during the revival of 1859. He received his training at Knox College, University of Toronto. After graduating in 1865 he was ordained into the Canadian Presbyterian Church (CPC) - after he left for the USA it became the largest Presbyterian group. Aged 21 he accepted a call to the large Knox PC in Hamilton, Ontario. December 1873 he left Canada to take the pulpit of the largest Presbyterian church in Louisville, Kentucky- Chestnut Street PC. It was here he first thought of building a tabernacle so he could preach to the common man. He was successful at Chestnut Street but they reluctant to embrace a wider evangelist endeavour. 1880 moved to 13th Street PC in New York City where he immediately began reaching out to the world. In 1881, after two fruitful years, resigned from 13th Street to begin an independent gospel ministry to the many new immigrants and neglected masses of NY City. In a Sunday morning service in 1882 he declared * I am not interested in being a respectable Christian. * He left his church to start a school in which people could train to take the Good News of God. That school was the Missionary Training Institute - now Nyack College - which had a major influence on the Pentecostal movement, its pastors and missionaries . ( Read ‘Influence on Pentecostalism’ and ’ A Little History’ ) He proceeded to hold evangelical meetings on Sunday afternoons. These grew into camp meetings and revivals in other locations along the East -coast, the beginning of C&MA. In 1882 he published the first missionary journal The Gospel in All Lands. Also founded and began to publish The Word, Works and World. By 1911 known as the Alliance Weekly, then Alliance Life - the official publication of C&MA. In 1889 Albert moved his church to the corner of 44th St. and 8th Av - the New York Tabernacle. His disciplined upbringing and his natural genius made him an effective communicator of the Gospels. He preached a unique Gospel of Jesus which became known as the Fourfold Gospel - Jesus our Saviour,Sanctifier, Healer and Coming King it’s at the heart of what Alliance people believe about Jesus (Read ‘Fourfold Gospel’ notes for full information) Albert even found time to write lyrics for 120 hymns and 101 books. He died aged 75. The Gospel of the Kingdom, we Must preach in every land The Missionary Cry by Albert Sources The Fourfold Gospel wikipedia

Eliso ‘Eli’ Fernando Soriano, also known as BES ( Bro. Eli Soriano), Brother Eli or Kapatid na Eli is a Fiipino televangelist. He currently the ‘Overall servant’ of the Members Church of God International (MCGI). It is an international Christian religious organization with headquarters in Pampanga, Philippines. He is also the main host of a radio and television program Ang Dating Daan (The Old Path). Eli was born on 4th April 1947 in Pasay, Philippines. He started school when he was 8. He dropped out of school 3 months before graduation due to an alleged religious debate between Eli and the school administrator. 7th April, 1964, 3 days after his 17th birthday, he was baptized and became a member of the Church of God in Christ Jesus, Pillar and Support of the Truth - ( (CGCJPST) - his parents church. In 1969 Nicholas Antiporda Perez, the church’s presiding minister, gave Eli the title of minister. The rumour was that when Perez died Eli would succeed him. Perez died in 1975 and Levita Gugulan, not Eli, became the new leader. He initially accepted the appointment but later denounced her leadership by saying according to the Bible women should not be leaders of the church . In 1976 Eli and his allies left the Gugulan sect. They setup their own sect with a similar name to CGCJPST. This resulted in a suit being filed. Eventually in 2004 it became Members Church of God International (MCGI. ( See Schism and information on MCGI) Eli is known for:- 1.his signature method of ’ Bible Exposition’-in a live show guests get the chance to ask impromptu questions 2.his straight forward preaching and exposing what he believes to be doctrinal errors by local or international religious groups. 3. debating with different pastors. He is very much into charitable works with his cousin Daniel Razon. These include FREE medical and dental check-ups, FREE bus rides, FREE transient home for homeless people. ( For the 4 projects in 2010 see ‘Charitable works’ for more more detail) Ang Dating Daan (ADD) is a religious radio and television hosted primarily by Eli and began at the end of 1980. It is considered to be the longest running religious program in the Philippines. It is now aired in 73 countries worldwide including Brazil, India, Japan,Latin America, Portugal, Saipan,Spain, South Africa and the USA.It is translated into 5 languages over terrestrial television, radio, internet and carried by at least 7 satellites across the globe. (See ‘Ang Datin Daan’ and BroEli channel) Eli is currently in exile from the Philippines to evade various death threats over his preaching and the countless libel cases he faces from people he defamed. Eli is using this opportunity to preach the Gospel of Jesus abroad. Sources used EliSoriano.com Wikipedia

Adrian Pierce Rogers was an American Southern Baptist pastor and conservative author. He served 3 times as the President of the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) (1979-80) (1986-8). He was instrumental in the SB denomination’s conservative resurgence in the late 1970s. He was the founder of the Adrian Rogers Pastor Training Institute ( ARPTI) for ministers. He also established the Religious Roundtable. Adrian was born in West Palm beach, Florida on 12th September 1931. He entered the Christian ministry aged 19. He graduated form Stetson University in DeLand, Florida and New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary. He was ordained by Northwood Baptist Church (now Family Church village)in West Palm Beach. His first job as senior pastor was at Fellsmere baptist Church. His second ministry was on Merritt Island, Florida (1964-72). He became the senior pastor at Bellevue Baptist Church in Memphis,Tennessee in 1972, where he remained until he retired in March 2005. The membership grew from 9,000 to 29,000 and the church moved into a new megachurch facility. Adrian was pastor emeritus after his retirement. When he became president of SBC in 1979 he was the first conservative to be elected on a platform of biblical inerrancy. Under his leadership the denomination went through a 10 year process of shifting its theological conservative stance. He was chairman in 2000 when the revised Baptist Faith and Message was produced He published 18 books. His works are available on the internationally available radio and television program Love Worth Finding - available in English and Spanish and there is Daily Devotional available. He was an adamant supporter of the anti-abortion movement. As a traditional Baptist he was opposed to alcohol and tobacco. He also preached against gambling. Adrian died on 15th November 2005 aged 74. He had contracted pneumonia in both lungs as a complication of colon cancer treatment. Joyce, his widow, currently heads the Adrian Rogers Pastor Training Institute for ministers aide by their 2 sons and a granddaughter. Adrian was known for his unique ability to simplify profound truth so it can be applied to every day life. He was one of the most effective preachers, respected Bible teacher and Christian leader of our time. information and sources used SBC Moral Majority Amazon Adrian Rogers ’ Daily Devotionals wiipedia

Kerry Shook is an American minister, best selling author, and senior pastor of Woodlands Church in the Woodlands, Texas. Born in on 6th November 1962 he attended Klein High School in Spring, Texas. He graduated form Baylor university, in Waco, Texas and Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, located in Fort Worth. Kerry is married to Chris and they have 4 children. Kerry and Chris Shook founded Woodlands Church, formerly Fellowship of the Woodlands, Texas in October 1993. They started with a vision to reach to reach families in their community with uplifting music, a friendly atmosphere and a relevant message , that can be applied to your life. Woodlands church has grown on 3 locations in now a mega-church with over 18,000 in weekly attendance. ( Read ‘What we believe’ sheets In 2005 Kerry began broadcasting his message on local television stations. beginning with KTBU Channel 55 in Huston. Other stations were quickly added. Today they are on Daystar and other channels Today Kerry Shook Ministries is a worldwide television ministry to inter/national audience with broadcasts reaching 50 USA states and 200 countries world wide. The promotion material suggests to tune into THE BEST HALF HOUR OF THE WEEK ( See Daystar sheet) Both Kerry and Chris have written books. Together in 2008 they wrote *One Month to Live:a No-Regrets Life which became a New York Times Best-Seller. They lost their grandson Jude after just one day. In 2020 they wrote a book explaining the impact this had on this family’s lives. The Gift of One Day (See book review). They also write a daily devotional video. ( See video sheet) Kerry and Chris continue to God’s work, Sources daystar Kerry Shook Ministries wikipedia

Rueben Archer Torrey was an American evangelist, pastor, educator and writer. He was a superintendent at the Bible Institute of the Evangelization Society (BIES) (now Moody Bible institute). He later became their second president. Reuben was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, the son of a banker. He graduated form Yale University in 1875 and Yale Divinity School in 1878. Rueben in the same year became a minister in Garrettville, Ohio. In 1879 he married Clara Smith (Swift?) and they had 5 children. He studied Theology at Leipzig and Erlangen Universities from 1882-3. In 1889 he joined Dwight Moody in his evangelistic work in Chicago and became superintendent of BIES (1889-1908). (For information about the Moody Bible Institute see notes) In 1894 he became pastor at Chicago Avenue Church (now the Moody Memorial Church) (1894-1906). In 1898 Reuben served as chaplain with the YMCA at camp Chickamauga during the Spanish American War’ 1902-3 he preached in nearly every part of the English speaking world. 1903-5 with Charles McCallon Alexander, a song leader, he conducted revival services in Great Britain and visited China, Japan, Australia and India. 1905-7 campaigned in American and Canadian 1908 Reuben founded the Montrose Bible Conference i Pennsylvania. Many well known Christian leaders frequently gathered at the 3,000 seat tabernacle. He remained a guiding hand of the conference for the rest of his life. (What started as a 10 day summer Bible has expanded into a a year round multi- faceted conference, camp and Retreat center 1912-1924 he served as Dean of the Bible Institute of Los Angeles (BILA)( now Biola University) where he was recognized as a leader in the field of Christian education. He contributed to the BIOLA publication The King’s Business. ( See ’ History and Heritage’ and ‘Forgotten Founder’) In WW1 he acted as chaplain at Camp Bowie - a POW camp in Texas. 1915-24 he served as the first pastor of the Church of the Open Door, Los Angles. He was one of the 3 editors of the The Fundamentals which gave its name to ‘fundamentalism’. (Read excerpt from ’ The Untold Story of the Fundamentals’) The church and BILA both grew rapidly under Reuben’s leadership. After 12 years at BILA he became restless to devote his time fully to evangelism. He resigned his positions to hold evangelistic meetings and to speak at conferences throughout the USA. Reuben held his last evangelistic meeting in Florida in 1927. Additional meetings were cancelled because of his failing health. He died on 26th October , 1928 at home in Ashville, North Carolina. Reuben had preached throughout the world and written 40 books. He was 72 when he died. ( 'Torrey's Life Timeline' shows important dates and events ) Sources Biola University Moody Bible Institute Wikipedia

Wanda Elizabeth ‘Beth’ Moore (born 16th June 1957, nee Green) is an American evangelist, author and Bible teacher. She is the founder of Living proof Ministries, a Bible based organization for women based in Houston, Texas. The ministry focuses on helping women who desire to model their lives on evangelical Christian principles. At the age of 18 Beth sensed God calling her to work for him. She made it her goal to say ‘yes’ to whatever he asked. Beth earned a degree in political science from Southwest Texas State University, where she pledged and was initiated into Chi Omega. Beth married Keith Moore in 1978. After years of of developing homework for those attending her Bible Study classes she realized she had a ministry. In 1993 she self- published her first book - Things Pondered. 1994 she founded Living Proof Ministries with the purpose of teaching women to know and love Jesus through the study of Scripture. With the help of a worship band she assembled, she began holding weekend conferences around the country.(She recently celebrated over 20 years of * Living Proof * conferences.) By the late 1990s women were packing sports arenas to hear Beth. She earned speaking slots at big named churches. A publishing career followed which further magnified her influence. Beth was the first woman to have a Bible study published by ‘Life way’ -the Christian retail giant, and has since reached 22 million women - the most among female authors. Beth was flying home from a ministry event in October 2016 when she decided to compose tweets to her 900,000 followers. The tweets changed her life. Betty Green in an article published in October 2018 entitled The Tiny Blond Bible Teacher Taking on the Evangelical Machine gives a lot insight into the problems Beth has as a female evangelist. The article was written after Beth had sent tweets - a few short messages - to her followers having glimpsed headlines about Donald Trump’s comments on the now infamous Access Hollywood tape. (Read her tweets) Pastors took to the airways to defend Trump. The tweets upended Beth’s cheerful feminine world. Some women stopped reading her Bible studies. Event attendance dropped. Having interviewed Beth, Betty now went to one of Beth’s events. For this intimate gathering, 5,000 - numbers down on arena size crowds she used to speak at. *Moore worked the room in stiletto boots, greeting strangers as old friends… Women ran down the aisle of the auditorium, eager to claim their salvation, weeping as they threw their bodies on the ground. Moore walked slowly among them as it in a trance, pausing to rub a back or whisper a prayer. Betty goes on to say that events which have followed - the accusations of sexual harassment by male Christian leaders against females have embolden Beth. She now speaks her mind freely. ( Read the full article) Beth regrets that she let others dictate her place in the community. Sources The Atlantic Wikipedia

Henry Allen ’ Harry’ Ironside was a Canadian -American Bible preacher, theologian, pastor and author who pastored Moody Church from 1929-1948. Harry was a twin. When he was born they thought he was dead. His sister, Sophia, was seriously ill so they concentrated on her. 40 minutes after his birth a pulse was detected and they resuscitated him. Date 14 October 1876. From a very young age he showed a strong interest in Christianity. When the family moved from Canada to Los Angeles, California on 12th December 1886 the new church had no Sunday School. Aged 11 he started his own. With his new friends they sewed old burlap bags together and made a tent big enough to hold 100. Harry became their teacher. Attendance averaged 60 children and a few adults each week. In 1888 Dwight I. Moody came to preach at Hazard’s pavilion - it held 4,000 people. Harry dreamed of preaching at such a gathering but in 1889 evangelist Donald Monro came and told Harry he was nor ‘born again’. For 6 months he gave up Sunday school. February 1890, aged 13, he accepted Christ.I rested on the Word of God and confessed Christ as my Saviour. He returned to preaching. Teased by his schoolmates he was determined in his mission to win souls. When he left school in the daytime he worked full time at a photography studio: at night he preached at Salvation Army (SA) meetings. Aged 16 he preached full time and a Commissioned Lieutenant in the SA… He preached 500 sermons a year around Southern California. Aged 18,his gruelling schedule took his toll on his health and he entered Beulah Rest Home to recuperate In 1896, aged 20, he moved to San Francisco and again associated with the Plymouth Brethren. While helping at Henry Varley meetings he met and married pianist Helen Schofield. His mother died in 1898. 1900 family moved to Oakland (1900-29). He resumed a nightly preaching schedule. 1903 accepted his first East Coast preaching invitation. Established Western Book and Tract Company (1914-192 ?) Preached almost 7,000 sermons to 1,25 million listeners (1916-1929). 1924 he began to preach under the direction of the Moody Bible Institute. 1926 turned down full time faculty position at Dallas Theological Seminary but became visiting lecturer (1925-43) 1929 preached at Moody Church in Chicago. Invited to serve a trial for one year, he stayed (1929-1948). Preached nearly every Sunday with 4,000 auditorium filled to capacity. In 1938 toured G.B. , preached 142 times to crowds of 2,000+. 1942 became president of Africa Inland Mission In 1948 Harry and Helen their celebrated golden wedding anniversary. They had 2 sons Edmund Henry and John Schofield. Helen died 1st May 1948 He married Annie Turner Hightower 9th October 1949 Following eye surgery he toured New Zealand. 15th January 1951 Harry died there, aged 74. And the beggar died also Source used Wikipedia

Robert Dick Wilson was an extraordinary American linguist and Presbyterian scholar who devoted his life to proving the reliability of the Hebrew Bible. In his determination to prove the accuracy of the original manuscripts he learned the 45 languages into which the Scriptures had been translated into up to 600 AD. These included Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek He was a brilliant language student. While still a student he could read the New Testament in 9 languages. Wikipedia sets up chronologically the universities he graduated from:- Princeton Humboldt, Berlin and the universities he worked in:- Western Theological Seminary ( now Pittsburgh Theological Seminary) (1883-90 Professor of the Old Testament Princeton )1990-1920+) William Henry Green professor of Semitic languages and O.T Criticism Westminster Theological Seminary. (1920+ -?) Aged 25 he estimated that he would live to about 70 (he actually lived to be 74). He decided for the first 15 years he would study every language that had a bearing on the Old Testament (OT) - he mastered 45 The next 15 years to studying the text of the OT - he looked at every consonant -about 1.25 million of them (Hebrew has no vowels) The Bible was amazingly precise The following 15 years he spent his time writing down the results of his long research. The result was *A Scientific Investigation of the Old Testament (1926). Robert wrote, after 45 years research, that he could confidently affirm '*we are scientifically certain that we have substantially the same Old Testament test that was in the possession of Christ and the apostles and so far as anybody knows , the same as that written by the original composers of the Old Testament documents. ’ * Occasionally God gives His church a man of unusual gifts, deep piety and true insight E.J. Young Richard died at the age of 74. Bible students are indebted to him for the masterful work he did in helping confirm the credibility of the Old Testament. Christian Courier Sources used Christian Courier Princeton Theological Seminary Trinity Book service wikipedia

Oswald Thompson Allis was an American presbyterian theologian and Bible scholar. He was born on 9th September 1880 in Wallingford, Delaware county, Pennsylvania. ( His future wife- Julie Waterbury- was born on the same day.) He was raised in the family home at 1604 Spruce Street, Philadelphia. In 1929, nearly 50 years later, this same location was to serve as the ’ cradle’ for the newly formed Westminster Theological Seminary (WTS). Degrees earned AB from University of Pennsylvania 1901 BD from Princeton Theological Seminary 1905 AM from Princeton University 1907 PhD from University of Berlin 1913 Role and Places he worked Instructor in Semitic Philosophy at Princeton Theological Seminary (1910-22) Assist, Prof. of Semitic Philosophy ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ (1922-29) (Reorganization of Princeton Seminary placed modernists in control of the school and prompted the resignations of Gresham Machen, Oswald Allis, Robert Dick Wilson and Cornelius van Til. They left the prestige of Princeton to stand for the truth of the Bible. They knew that theological compromise would harm the spiritual power of the church. In 1929 Machen founded a new school- Westminster Theological Seminary- with senior faculty members from Princeton.- classes began that autumn.) ( Read ‘The Heroic Stand of our Founder’) Professor of Old Testament History and Exegesis at Westminster TS (1929=30) Professor of Old Testament at ‘’ TS (1930=36) Oswald retired from his teaching post. Independently wealthy he was able to devote the rest of his life to research and writing. Apparently he lectured at Columbia Theological Seminary 1946 Oswald was the editor of The Princeton Theological Review from 1918-1929 and the Editorial Correspondent for The Evangelical Quarterly 1929=1973 (until his death) He wrote several books. The most notable were Prophecy and the Church (1945) and God Spoke to Moses (1951). It is the painstaking and thorough accuracy of Dr. Allis in whatever he does, that causes his students to marvel. We watch him unravel the intricacies of Hebrew syntax, and his patience is a constant example and inspiration to us. (1931 promotional information for WTS) Sources The Princeton Theological Review This Day in Presbyterian History Wikipedia

Harry R. Jackson Jr. is an American Christian preacher and Pentecostal bishop who serves as the senior pastor at Hope Christian Church in Beltsville, Maryland. founded the Christian Hope Center. He is the Presiding bishop of the International Communion of Evangelical Churches (ICEC) He is the founder and chairman of the High Impact Leadership Coalition(HILC) and also co-founder of the Reconciled Church initiative (RCI). Harry was raised in Cincinnati. He became involved in political activism as a child with his mother Essie. I was a black kid at Country Day who stayed in the houses of wealthy white people. He attended Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts where he played football. He had a tryout with the New England Patriots but did not make the team In 1973 his family moved to Washington D.C. area and eventually settled in Silver Spring, Maryland. After graduating from Williams College with a B.A. he got a high level executive job at Republic Steel and admitted to Harvard business school (MBA). He married his wife, Michele, in 1976. The death of his father caused Harry to become a Christian minister The family moved to Cleveland, Ohio where he preached in the inner city. He took a job at Corning Glass (now Corning Incorporated) and preached in his spare time. He founded the Christian Hope Center. *We really broke racial barriers for a black man pastoring white people in 1981 His work in Corning attracted attention and he was recruited to Bltsville, Maryland to take over Hope Christian Church. He is now the presiding bishop of ICEC which *seeks to offer a clear, concise, and uncompromising voice to address the most pressing issues of our day primarily those relating to righteousness & justice. The founder and chairman of (HILC) which is composed of ministers who actively promote socially conservative causes. Plus the co-founder of RCI. which seeks to bring racial healing to the church and America. He states firmly that same-sex marriage and abortion are morally wrong. In the late 1990s he gained national recognition through his columns in Charisma magazine in which he frequently wrote about abortion and gay marriages ( See ‘Activism’) He has authored several books. One of his recent books is *Personal Faith Public Policy (See middle para of SHOP the WORD for more title). He has appeared on many television channels and been featured in the newspapers and other media outlets. He shares a weekly message on Praise 104.1FM and a daily radio program The Harry Jackson Show on a stream. Bishop Harry Jackson has two grown-up daughters and resides in Maryland. Sources Harry Jackson Ministries The Harry Jackson Show SHOP the WORD.com Wikipedeia

Carl Fredrick Wisloff was a Norwegian theologian and Christian preacher. He started the Credo Student Magazine in 1933.He spent 15 years as professor of church history at MF Norwegian School of Theology (1961-79). He joined the executive committee of International Fellowship of Evangelical Students in 1959 and was president (1967-79). He is regarded as among the most important lay preachers in 20th century Norway. Carl was born in Drammen but grew up in Sarpsborg. He graduated with a cand.theol. degree in 1931. In 1958 he was awarded a doctorate for his thesis The Gift of Communion. In 1932 he became a priest at Vaterland. He was also the first secretary of the Norges kristelige student - og gymnasiaslag From 1948-60 he chaired the organization. In 1940 appointed vicar in Birkenes. In 1947 he was hired to head the the priests’ seminary at MF Norwegian School of Theology. Carl retired as a professor in 1975. He wrote a number of preaching books. In 1946 he published jeg vet pa hvem jeg tror ( I know in Whom I Believe) which the newspaper Dagbladet recognized in 2008 as being among the 25 most influential prose books inpost-1945 Norway. In 1978, on his 70th birthday, he was rewarded with 2 Festschrifts Carl, aged 95, died on 25th June 2004, following a short illness. On his 100th anniversary, 2008, his memory was commemorated by the Norwegian Lutheran Mission. Sources used n0wiki.org Worldcat identities Wikipedia

Harold John Ockenga was a leading figure of mid-20th-century American Evangelism. He was part of a reform movement known as 'Neo-Evangelicalism '. He was a Congregational minister and for 33 years was the pastor of Park Street Church in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1950 his church was involved in Billy Graham’s first evangelical crusade and as a result he became chairman of Christianity Today until 1981. He helped to found the Fuller and Gordon- Conwell Theological Seminaries. He also founded the National Association of Evangelicals. He was a prolific writer on many religious topics. Harold was born on 6th June 1905 and raised in Chicago. His father had German ancestry and his surname is East Frisan. His mother took him to Olivet Methodist Episcopal Church where aged 11 he became a member. As a teenager he had a sense God was calling him to the ministry In 1927 he graduated from Taylor University, a Methodist institution in Indiana, and enrolled at Princeton Theological Seminary (PTS). He left in 1929 to go to the new Westminster Theological Seminary where he graduated from in 1930 and earned a PhD degree in 1939. (Many tutors and students left PTS during the ‘fundamentalist-modernist controversy’ - Princeton had became too liberal .) While studying at Pittsburgh University he met and married Audrey Williamson in 1935. His pastoral work began with 2 Methodist churches in New Jersey. In 1931 he became an assistant at the First Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh. In the same year he was recommended as pastor at Point Breeze Presbyterian church. In 1936 he became first associate, then pastor, at Park Street Church (PSC) (1936-69). His congregation thrived during his pastorate as he exercised considerable talents as a preacher, evangelist, leader and and organizer. Harold delivered many sermons which later formed the substance of various books he wrote. (See ‘Works’ for list of books) Harold was very much an evangelical reformer and leader. He was the founding president of the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) (1942-4) He was the founding president of Fuller Theological Seminary established in 1947. When he retired from PSC he took over the presidency of GCTS (1970-9). He had been involved in the late 1960’s of the merger of Gordon Divinity School and Conwell School of Theology. Information on the Neo - Evangelical Movement begins with this statement: The NEM was a response among orthodox evangelical Protestants to the Separatism of fundamentalist Christianity beginning in the 1930s. (Read on) Harold died of cancer on 8th February 1985 He was a giant among giants. I thank God for his friendship Billy Graham

Amzi Clarence Dixon was a Baptist pastor, Bible expositor, and an evangelist who was popular during the late 19th/early 20th centuries. With R.A. Torrey he edited an influential series of essays , published as The Fundamentals (1910-5) which gave Christian Fundamentalism its name. Amzi was born near Shelby, North Carolina on 6th July 1954. His father was a Baptist preacher. He was converted while his father was preaching in 1865 and baptized the next year. While still young he believed he had been called to preach. Career In 1875 he graduated from Wake Forest College, North Carolina. He immediately began to serve as a pastor of 2 country churches. 1874-5 pastor of Baptist churches in North Carolina 1876-9 studied at Southern Baptist Seminary and attended University of North Carolina and pastored there 1879-82 pastor at Asheville, North Carolina 1982-90 pastor at Immanuel Baptist church in Baltimore, Maryland 1986 received doctorate from Washington and Lee University 1890-01 pastor at Brooklyn, New York often rented Opera house on Sunday services 1901-06 pastor in Boston , Massachusetts taught at Gordon College (See notes) published *Old and New * 1905 attended the first Baptist World Congress in London 1906-11 pastor at Chicago Avenue Church, Illinois. (1908 change of name to Moody church) became syndicated columnist for 3 local papers 1911-19 pastor at Metropolitan Tabernacle (MT) in London ( He followed the great Charles Spurgeon into the pulpit) 1910-15 edited with R.A. Torrey* The Fundamentals* a very influential series of 90 essays initially published in 12 volumes ( See notes) often spoke at large Bible conferences 1919 retired as pastor of MT 1919-21 lectured at Los Angeles Bible Institute and in China & Japan 1922 first pastor of University Baptist Church Baltimore, Maryland He was a staunch advocate of Fundamentalist Christianity during its developmental period. His preaching was often fiery and direct. The papers of Amzi number approx, 6,100 items and stored in 30 archival boxes and 4 scrapbooks. (Read Scope and Content Note) Personal Life Married Susan Mary (Mollie) Faison in July 1880. They had 5 children. Susan died on 6th August 1922 in China while attending conference with husband. Towards the end of his life he had chronic back pain to the extent he suspended his service at University Baptist church. He died of a heart attack on 14th June 1925. Sources used Amzi Clarence Dixon Papers wikipedia