Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.80 - Understand how organisms are able to respond to changes in their environment. Specification Point 2.81 - Understand that homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment, and that body water content and body temperature are both examples of homeostasis. Specification Point 2.82 - Understand that a coordinated response requires a stimulus, a receptor and an effector. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.72B - Understand how the kidney carries out its roles of excretion and osmoregulation. Specification Point 2.73B - Describe the structure of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Specification Point 2.74B - Describe the structure of a nephron, including the Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus, convoluted tubules, loop of Henle and collecting duct. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.83 - Understand that plants respond to stimuli. Specification Point 2.84 - Describe the geotropic and phototropic responses of roots and stems. Specification Point 2.85 - Understand the role of auxin in the phototropic response of stems. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.90 - Describe the structure and functioning of a simple reflex arc illustrated by the withdrawal of a finger from a hot object. Specification Point 2.91 - Describe the structure and function of the eye as a receptor. Specification Point 2.92 - Understand the function of the eye in focusing on near and distant objects, and in responding to changes in light intensity. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.93 - Describe the role of the skin in temperature regulation, with reference to sweating, vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.94 - Understand the sources, roles and effects of the following hormones: adrenaline, insulin, testosterone, progesterone and oestrogen. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.1 - Understand the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction. Specification Point 3.2 - Understand that fertilization involves the fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a zygote that undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.95B - Understand the sources, roles and effects of the following hormones: ADH, FSH and LH. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.8 - Understand how the structure of the male and female reproductive systems are adapted for their functions. Specification Point 3.9 - Understand the roles of oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.35B - Understand how a change in DNA can affect the phenotype by altering the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Specification Point 3.36B - Understand how most genetic mutations have no effect on the phenotype, some have a small effect and rarely do they have a significant effect. Specification Point 3.37B - Understand that the incidence of mutations can be increased by exposure to ionising radiation (for example, gamma rays, x-rays and ultraviolet rays) and some chemical mutagens (for example, chemicals in tobacco). Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.38 - Explain Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. Specification Point 3.39 - Understand how resistance to antibiotics can increase in bacterial populations, and appreciate how such an increase can lead to infections being difficult to control. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.28 - Understand how division of a diploid cell by mitosis produces two cells that contain identical sets of chromosomes. Specification Point 3.29 - Understand that mitosis occurs during growth, repair, cloning and asexual reproduction. Specification Point 3.30 - Understand how division of a cell by meiosis produces four cells, each with half the number of chromosomes, and that this results in the formation of genetically different haploid gametes. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.19 - Understand how genes exist in alternative forms called alleles which give rise to differences in inherited characteristics. Specification Point 3.20 - Understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, and genotype. Specification Point 3.21B - Understand the meaning of the term codominance. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.11 - Describe the role of the placenta in the nutrition of the developing embryo. Specification Point 3.12 - Understand how the developing embryo is protected by amniotic fluid. Specification Point 3.13 - Understand the roles of oestrogen and testosterone in the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.16B - Describe a DNA molecule as two strands coiled to form a double helix, the strands being linked by a series of paired bases: adenine (A) with thymine (T), and cytosine © with guanine (G). Specification Point 3.17B - Understand that an RNA molecule is single stranded and contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T). Specification Point 3.18B - Describe the stages of protein synthesis including transcription and translation, including the role of mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA, codons and anticodons. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 5.1 - Describe how glasshouses and polythene tunnels can be used to increase the yield of certain crops. Specification Point 5.2 - Understand the effects on crop yield of increased carbon dioxide and increased temperature in glasshouses. Specification Point 5.3 - Understand how the use of fertiliser can increase crop yield. Specification Point 5.4 - Understand the reasons for pest control and the advantages and disadvantages of using pesticides and biological control with crop plants. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 5.5 - Understand the role of yeast in the production of food including bread. Specification Point 5.6 - Practical: investigate the role of anaerobic respiration by yeast in different conditions. Specification Point 5.7 - Understand the role of bacteria (Lactobacillus) in the production of yoghurt. Specification Point 5.8 - Understand the use of an industrial fermenter and explain the need to provide suitable conditions in the fermenter, including aseptic precautions, nutrients, optimum temperature and pH, oxygenation and agitation, for the growth of microorganisms. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.12 -Understand the biological consequences of pollution of air by sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Specification Point 4.13 - Understand that water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and CFCs are greenhouse gases. Specification Point 4.14 - Understand how human activities contribute to greenhouse gases. Specification Point 4.15- Understand how an increase in greenhouse gases results in an enhanced greenhouse effect and that this may lead to global warming and its consequences. Specification Point 4.16 - Understand the biological consequences of pollution of water by sewage. Specification Point 4.17 - Understand the biological consequences of eutrophication caused by leached minerals from fertilizer. Complete set of Chapter 6 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.18B - Understand the effects of deforestation, including leaching, soil erosion, disturbance of evapotranspiration and the carbon cycle, and the balance of atmospheric gases. Complete set of Chapter 6 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.1.3 - Lipids. Complete set of Chapter 1 Lectures are available.