Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 28 - The Kidneys. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.72B - Understand how the kidney carries out its roles of excretion and osmoregulation. Specification Point 2.73B - Describe the structure of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Specification Point 2.74B - Describe the structure of a nephron, including the Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus, convoluted tubules, loop of Henle and collecting duct. Specification Point 2.75B - Describe ultrafiltration in the Bowman’s capsule and the composition of the glomerular filtrate. Specification Point 2.77B - Understand why selective reabsorption of glucose occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule. Specification Point 2.76B - Understand how water is reabsorbed into the blood from the collecting duct. Specification Point 2.78B - Describe the role of ADH in regulating the water content of the blood. Specification Point 2.79B - Understand that urine contains water, urea and ions. Complete set of Chapter 4 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 47 - Mutations. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 3.35B - Understand how a change in DNA can affect the phenotype by altering the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Specification Point 3.36B - Understand how most genetic mutations have no effect on the phenotype, some have a small effect and rarely do they have a significant effect. Specification Point 3.37B - Understand that the incidence of mutations can be increased by exposure to ionising radiation (for example, gamma rays, x-rays and ultraviolet rays) and some chemical mutagens (for example, chemicals in tobacco). Complete set of Chapter 5 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 3 - Organisation and Cell Structure. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Covers the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.1 - Describe the level of organisation in organisms: organelles, cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. Specification Point 2.2/2.3 - Describe the structures and functions of the cell’s organelles, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosome and vacuole. Specification Point 2.4 - Know the similarities and differences in the structure of plant and animal cells. Complete set of Chapter 1 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 9 - Movement Across Membranes. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.15 - Understand the processes of diffusion, osmosis and active transport by which substances move into and out of cells. Specification Point 2.16 - Understand how factors affect the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells, including the effects of surface area to volume ratio, distance, temperature and concentration gradient. Specification Point 2.17 - Practical: Investigate diffusion and osmosis using living and non-living systems. Complete set of Chapter 1 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 12 - Investigating Photosynthesis. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.23 - Practical: Investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water plant, the production of starch and the requirements of light, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll. Complete set of Chapter 2 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 15 - Digestion and Absorption. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.29 - Understand the role of digestive enzymes, including the digestion of starch to glucose by amylase and maltase, the digestion of proteins to amino acids by proteases and the digestion of lipids to fatty acids and glycerol by lipases. Specification Points 2.30 and 2.31 - Understand that bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Understand the role of bile in neutralising stomach acid and emulsifying lipids. Specification Point 2.32 - Understand how the small intestine is adapted for absorption, including the structure of a villus. Complete set of Chapter 2 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 21 - Transport Mechanisms. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.51 - Understand why simple, unicellular organisms can rely on diffusion for movement of substances in and out of the cell. Specification Point 2.52 - Understand the need for a transport system in multicellular organisms. Specification Point 2.54 - Describe the role of xylem in transporting water and mineral ions from the roots to other parts of the plant. Specification Point 2.53 - Describe the role of phloem in transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves and other parts of the plant. Complete set of Chapter 3 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 20 - The Alveoli and Lung Disease. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.48 - Explain how alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by diffusion between air in the lungs and blood in capillaries. Specification Point 2.49 - Understand the biological consequences of smoking in relation to the lungs and the circulatory system, including coronary heart disease. Specification Point 2.50 - Practical: Investigate breathing in humans, including the release of carbon dioxide and the effect of exercise. Complete set of Chapter 3 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 23 - The Blood. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.59 - Describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. Specification Point 2.60 - Understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy. Specification Point 2.61 - Understand how adaptations of red blood cells make them suitable for the transport of oxygen, including shape, the absence of a nucleus and the presence of haemoglobin. Specification Point 2.62 - Understand how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen. Complete set of Chapter 3 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 4 - Cell Differentiation. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Covers the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.5B - Explain the importance of cell differentiation in the development of specialised cells. Specification Point 2.6B - Understand the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cells in medicine. Complete set of Chapter 1 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 10 - Nutrition in Plants. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.18 - Understand the process of photosynthesis and its importance to the conversion of light energy into chemical energy. Specification Point 2.19 - Know the word equation and balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis. Specification Point 2.20 - Understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis. Complete set of Chapter 2 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 26 - The Circulatory System. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.68 - Understand how the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries relate to their function. Specification Point 2.69 - Understand the general structure of the circulation system, including the blood vessels to and from the heart and lungs, liver and kidneys. Complete set of Chapter 3 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 27 - Excretion. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.70 - Understand the origin of carbon dioxide and oxygen as waste products of metabolism and their loss from the stomata of a leaf. Specification Point 2.71 - Know the excretory products of the lungs, kidneys and skin. Complete set of Chapter 4 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 30 - Coordination in Plants. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.83 - Understand that plants respond to stimuli. Specification Point 2.84 - Describe the geotropic and phototropic responses of roots and stems. Specification Point 2.85 - Understand the role of auxin in the phototropic response of stems. Complete set of Chapter 4 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 32 - Reflexes and the Eye. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.90 - Describe the structure and functioning of a simple reflex arc illustrated by the withdrawal of a finger from a hot object. Specification Point 2.91 - Describe the structure and function of the eye as a receptor. Specification Point 2.92 - Understand the function of the eye in focusing on near and distant objects, and in responding to changes in light intensity. Complete set of Chapter 4 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 34 - Hormones. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.94 - Understand the sources, roles and effects of the following hormones: adrenaline, insulin, testosterone, progesterone and oestrogen. Complete set of Chapter 4 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 45 - Cell Division. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 3.28 - Understand how division of a diploid cell by mitosis produces two cells that contain identical sets of chromosomes. Specification Point 3.29 - Understand that mitosis occurs during growth, repair, cloning and asexual reproduction. Specification Point 3.30 - Understand how division of a cell by meiosis produces four cells, each with half the number of chromosomes, and that this results in the formation of genetically different haploid gametes. Complete set of Chapter 5 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 40 - Evolution. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 3.38 - Explain Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. Specification Point 3.39 - Understand how resistance to antibiotics can increase in bacterial populations, and appreciate how such an increase can lead to infections being difficult to control. Complete set of Chapter 5 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 38 - Human Reproduction and the Menstrual Cycle. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 3.8 - Understand how the structure of the male and female reproductive systems are adapted for their functions. Specification Point 3.9 - Understand the roles of oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle. Complete set of Chapter 5 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 55 - Pollution and Global Warming. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 4.12 -Understand the biological consequences of pollution of air by sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Specification Point 4.13 - Understand that water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and CFCs are greenhouse gases. Specification Point 4.14 - Understand how human activities contribute to greenhouse gases. Specification Point 4.15- Understand how an increase in greenhouse gases results in an enhanced greenhouse effect and that this may lead to global warming and its consequences. Specification Point 4.16 - Understand the biological consequences of pollution of water by sewage. Specification Point 4.17 - Understand the biological consequences of eutrophication caused by leached minerals from fertilizer. Complete set of Chapter 6 Worksheets are available.