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Inquiring Mind of the English Teacher Kind

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Say hello to a platform dedicated to industrious, yet overtasked teachers like you. Say goodbye to countless hours spent developing relevant and engaging ELA lessons. Whether you are teaching the fundamentals of grammar, creative writing skills, classic literature, or contemporary fiction, you will find thousands of activities and assessments to help you achieve a healthier work-life balance without sacrificing academic rigor.

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Say hello to a platform dedicated to industrious, yet overtasked teachers like you. Say goodbye to countless hours spent developing relevant and engaging ELA lessons. Whether you are teaching the fundamentals of grammar, creative writing skills, classic literature, or contemporary fiction, you will find thousands of activities and assessments to help you achieve a healthier work-life balance without sacrificing academic rigor.
Othello Close Reading Worksheets Bundle
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Othello Close Reading Worksheets Bundle

15 Resources
Support the development of close reading skills with this comprehensive bundle of worksheets composed of challenging questions designed to help high school students analyze Shakespeare’s classic drama Othello. With an activity for each individual scene, this bundle saves teachers valuable time without sacrificing academic rigor. All materials are delivered as printable PDFs and Word Documents. Each resource may serve as the basis for small-group discussions. Through these discussions, students decode language and pose/respond to questions relating to plot, broad topics, and character development, demonstrating an ability to analyze how complex characters transform and advance the plot and themes by applying logic and citing compelling, meaningful textual evidence. They will also evaluate their peers’ reasoning and use of rhetoric to advance claims, clarifying or challenging unclear ideas. Using this resource for structured guidance, students, ultimately, will present information, conclusions, and supporting textual evidence clearly, concisely, and appropriately, thereby helping their peers comprehend their thinking. Make reading more purposeful with these close reading activities to support students in their efforts to demonstrate the following: An ability to define complex vocabulary in context An ability to analyze context clues and draw logical inferences about character motivations An ability to analyze context clues and draw logical inferences about character relationships An ability to analyze the text for literary devices such as foreshadowing, situational irony, dramatic irony, theme, symbolism, dynamic character, and more An ability to find and articulate relevant textual details in support of a claim An ability to analyze context clues to discern and articulate the significance of a given detail An ability to articulate what the text indicates both explicitly and implicitly An ability to write with clarity and precision
To Kill a Mockingbird Close Reading Worksheets Bundle (Chapters 16-31)
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To Kill a Mockingbird Close Reading Worksheets Bundle (Chapters 16-31)

16 Resources
Support the development of high school close reading skills and analytical thinking with this bundle of To Kill a Mockingbird resources covering the second half of the novel (chapters 16-31). Featuring more than 125 high-order thinking questions, this bundle offers Word Doc and PDF versions of each individual resource. This resource may serve as the basis for small-group discussions. Through these discussions, students decode language and pose/respond to questions relating to plot, broad topics, and character development, demonstrating an ability to analyze how complex characters transform and advance the plot and themes by applying logic and citing compelling, meaningful textual evidence. They will also evaluate their peers’ reasoning and use of rhetoric to advance claims, clarifying or challenging unclear ideas. Using this resource for structured guidance, students, ultimately, will present information, conclusions, and supporting textual evidence clearly, concisely, and appropriately, thereby helping their peers comprehend their thinking. Make reading more purposeful with these close reading activities to support students in their efforts to demonstrate proficiency in the following areas: An ability to define complex vocabulary in context An ability to analyze context clues and draw logical inferences about character motivations An ability to analyze context clues and draw logical inferences about character relationships An ability to analyze the text for literary devices such as foreshadowing, situational irony, dramatic irony, theme, symbolism, dynamic character, and more An ability to find and articulate relevant textual details in support of a claim An ability to analyze context clues to discern and articulate the significance of a given detail An ability to articulate what the text indicates both explicitly and implicitly An ability to write with clarity and precision
Short Stories by Edgar Allan Poe Quiz and Close Reading Bundle
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Short Stories by Edgar Allan Poe Quiz and Close Reading Bundle

14 Resources
Promote active engagement with Gothic fiction, support the development of close reading analysis skills for high school, and evaluate general reading comprehension with this bundle of resources for teaching a collection of Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories: “The Oval Portrait,” “The Black Cat,” “Hop-Frog,” “The Cask of Amontillado,” and “The Masque of the Red Death.” Answer keys for every resource are provided, as are all public domain short stories. Materials are delivered in printable Word Document and PDF formats.
Romeo & Juliet Close Reading Bundle (Set of 20)
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Romeo & Juliet Close Reading Bundle (Set of 20)

20 Resources
This bundle of 20 close reading exercises promotes active reading strategies, makes student engagement with text more visible, and helps improve overall student comprehension of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. By completing these activities, students will read to identify what the text says explicitly and implicitly, apply literary devices, interpret figurative expressions, analyze character motivations, define vocabulary in context, discern tone, and more. All close reads are editable and include answer keys and/or sample annotations. The following are covered: Act 1 prologue Act 1, scene 1 Act 1, scene 2 Act 1, scene 3 Act 1, scene 5 Act 2 prologue Act 2, scene 1 Act 2, scene 2 Act 2, scene 3 Act 2, scene 4 Act 2, scene 5 Act 2, scene 6 Act 3, scene 1 Act 3, scene 2 Act 3, scene 3 Act 3, scene 4 Act 4, scene 1 Act 4, scene 3 Act 4, scene 5 Act 5, scene 1 Act 5, scene 3
Grimms' Fairy Tales Close Reading Bundle
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Grimms' Fairy Tales Close Reading Bundle

17 Resources
This bundled close reading resource promotes thoughtful, critical analysis of several classic Grimms’ fairy tales, helping students focus on significant details to develop improved reading proficiency and contribute more meaningfully to class discussion. Each close reading assessment includes an answer key with detailed explanations for correct options. You will receive two versions of each individual item: a Word Document version and a PDF version. These resources may serve as the basis for small-group discussions. Through these discussions, students decode language and pose/respond to questions relating to plot, broad topics, and character development, demonstrating an ability to analyze how complex characters transform and advance the plot and themes by applying logic and citing compelling, meaningful textual evidence. They will also evaluate their peers’ reasoning and use of rhetoric to advance claims, clarifying or challenging unclear ideas. Using this resource for structured guidance, students, ultimately, will present information, conclusions, and supporting textual evidence clearly, concisely, and appropriately, thereby helping their peers comprehend their thinking. Make reading more purposeful with these close reading activities to support students in their efforts to demonstrate the following: An ability to define complex vocabulary in context An ability to analyze context clues and draw logical inferences about character motivations An ability to analyze context clues and draw logical inferences about character relationships An ability to analyze the text for literary devices such as foreshadowing, situational irony, dramatic irony, theme, symbolism, dynamic character, and more An ability to find and articulate relevant textual details in support of a claim An ability to analyze context clues to discern and articulate the significance of a given detail An ability to articulate what the text indicates both explicitly and implicitly An ability to write with clarity and precision
The Adventures of Ulysses Bundle of Quizzes, Close Readings, Answer Keys, and a Test
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The Adventures of Ulysses Bundle of Quizzes, Close Readings, Answer Keys, and a Test

15 Resources
The Adventures of Ulysses by Bernard Evslin is a modern retelling of Homer’s The Odyssey, written in a manner that is easier to process—even for struggling readers. This comprehensive bundle includes the following: multiple choice, plot-based quizzes; close reading analysis activities; a summative test; and answer keys. With these resources, English teachers will be able to evaluate students’ general text comprehension, promote analysis of complex literature, hold learners accountable for completing assigned readings, eliminate at-home assessment planning, and expedite the grading process without sacrificing academic rigor. Materials are delivered in printable Word Document and PDF formats. By engaging with these materials, students will do the following by the end of the novel: Identify what the text states explicitly and implicitly Define complex words as they are used in a given passage Select the best synonyms for given words as they are used in the text Verify interpretations of language using reference materials as needed Discern tone in context Explore how characters think, behave, and interact Compare and contrast characters Examine how setting influences character development Apply knowledge of various literary devices including foreshadowing, personification, simile, epiphany, understatement, symbolism, situational irony, and dramatic irony Apply knowledge of various sound devices including sibilance and assonance Locate relevant textual details in support of the claim that Ulysses was the only crew member with the ability to think critically in the face of danger Explore themes that are reinforced in a given passage Write ideas with clarity, accuracy, and precision
Feed by M.T. Anderson Novel Study Bundle
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Feed by M.T. Anderson Novel Study Bundle

11 Resources
This low-prep bundle covering Feed by M.T. Anderson contains all the formative and summative assessments teachers need to assess general reading comprehension, support the development of close reading analysis skills, facilitate student research on a range of relevant topics, and greatly reduce take-home lesson planning responsibilities. Included are four multiple choice quizzes; four short answer alternate quiz options; four close reading worksheets covering fifteen substantive novel passages; literature circle activities; research project materials; an end-of-unit test; and answer keys for everything. Materials are delivered in both Word Document and PDF formats. By engaging with these resources, students will have opportunities to perform the following tasks: Identify what the text states explicitly and implicitly Clarify details where the author leaves information open to interpretation Isolate examples of figurative language Express the greater significance of given details Determine the tone of given excerpts Discern the functions of given excerpts Explore how complex characters think, behave, develop, and interact Articulate flaws in characters’ logic Analyze the author’s use of narrative techniques such as repetition Apply knowledge of various literary devices including simile, metaphor, personification, slang, onomatopoeia, situational irony, consonance, pun, idiom, epiphany, invective, malapropism, aposiopesis, neologism, and more Consider theme in relation to the text Evaluate an excerpt to articulate how it is a good example of satire Relate a given excerpt to the real world, identifying two relevant societal issues, conflicts, or questions Explore the connection between capitalism and the private healthcare system in America Conduct brief research on the topic of cognitive dissonance in order to explain how a character experiences it in the context of a given excerpt Cite textual evidence in support of ideas and claims Write about literature with clarity, accuracy, and precision Articulate connections between a research topic and the assigned novel Develop successful methods of recording information Evaluate the credibility of nonfiction texts, taking into consideration readability, date, relevance, expertise, and bias Apply conventions of MLA formatting Correctly site resources to avoid plagiarism Organize information in a cohesive manner, using a note-taking system that includes summary, paraphrasing, and quoted material Analyze, synthesize, and integrate information, generating a thoughtfully comprehensive report, free of generalities and redundancies Present information in a formal, coherent manner
The Hobbit Close Reading Analysis Worksheets Bundle
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The Hobbit Close Reading Analysis Worksheets Bundle

19 Resources
This bundled close reading resource promotes thoughtful, critical analysis of The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien, helping students focus on significant details to develop improved reading proficiency and contribute more meaningfully to class discussion. Each close reading assessment includes an answer key with detailed explanations for correct options. You will receive two versions of each individual worksheet: a Word Document version and a PDF version. Featuring more than 125 high-order questions, this bundle gives students clearer purposes for reading such as the following: To analyze the effect of the author’s language upon the reader To determine tone in context To define unfamiliar and challenging vocabulary in context To draw reasoned inferences about characterization To apply knowledge of literary devices to the novel To isolate accurate statements from false statements To write about literature such that the reader will follow the student’s reasoning To support claims with relevant textual evidence And more
Twelfth Night Close Reading Worksheets Bundle
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Twelfth Night Close Reading Worksheets Bundle

17 Resources
Foster general reading comprehension and support the development of close reading skills for high school and college with this set of analysis worksheets on Shakespeare’s comedy Twelfth Night. A variety of question types facilitates the process of analyzing character motivations, examining how word choices influence a reader’s interpretations, applying knowledge of literary devices, articulating ideas in writing with clarity and precision, and preparing for standardized testing scenarios. Answer keys are provided. All materials are delivered as Word Documents and PDFs. By engaging with these resources, students will: Identify and articulate what the text states explicitly and implicitly Discern the intended effect of Shakespeare’s figurative language in the context of a passage Explore cause-and-effect relationships Use context clues to draw reasonable inferences about Orsino Apply knowledge of various literary devices including metaphor, simile, hyperbole, sibilance, alliteration, assonance, consonance, personification, hyperbole, oxymoron, situational irony, dramatic irony, and more Define complex vocabulary in the context of a passage Determine the primary function of given passages Compare and contrast Orsino and Olivia Conduct brief research on classical mythology – more specifically the tale of Arion and the dolphin – and draw parallels between the mythological figure and Sebastian Analyze the author’s craft to discern which literary device is most applicable to a specific portion of text Explore Toby’s attitude toward Olivia’s behavior Identify the greater significance of a given detail Identify evidence in support of claims Isolate factual details about plot from false statements Compare and contrast Viola and Sebastian Write ideas with clarity and precision Compare and contrast Toby and Andrew Compare and contrast Malvolio and a group consisting of Toby, Andrew, and Maria Analyze how complex characters behave and interact Consider the meaning of a given word in order to determine its most suitable synonym
Bundle of Short Story Close Reading Worksheets
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Bundle of Short Story Close Reading Worksheets

20 Resources
This bundle of 20 assessments promotes analytical thinking, measures and extends reading comprehension, and offers flexibility of choice to differentiate and satisfy the academic needs of students of varying proficiency levels in classroom and distance learning settings. Included are close reading activities, answer keys, and copies of public domain texts. Short story selections include the following: “Desiree’s Baby” by Kate Chopin * “Shooting an Elephant” by George Orwell * “The Black Cat” by Edgar Allan Poe * “The Devil and Tom Walker” by Washington Irving * “The Garden Party” by Katherine Mansfield * “The New Dress” by Virginia Woolf * “The Open Boat” by Stephen Crane * “The Open Window” by Saki * “The Oval Portrait” by Edgar Allan Poe * “A White Heron” by Sarah Orne Jewett * “After Twenty Years” by O. Henry * “The Businessman” by Edgar Allan Poe * “The Legend of the Christmas Rose” by Selma Lagerlof * “The Old Tombstone” by Hans Christian Andersen * “The Wind Blows” by Katherine Mansfield * “The Little Mermaid” by Hans Christian Andersen * “The Stolen Farthings” by the Brothers Grimm * “Slave on the Block” by Langston Hughes “The Wives of the Dead” by Nathaniel Hawthorne * “The Sparrow and His Four Children” by the Brothers Grimm * (* denotes a public domain text) By completing these analysis exercises, students will demonstrate the following high-order skills: An ability to apply knowledge of more complex literary devices to the texts including foreshadowing, situational irony, dramatic irony, hyperbole, personification, metaphor, symbolism, theme, and more An ability to analyze context clues and draw logical inferences about character motivations and other elements of plot An ability to discern and articulate details that illustrate contrasts between characters An ability to define complex words by taking into consideration denotative definitions, connotative definitions, and context clues An ability to find and articulate relevant textual details in support of claims An ability to discern mood and tone in context An ability to discern author’s intent An ability to conduct brief research and articulate historical and autobiographical parallels An ability to analyze text structures An ability to analyze text to determine the function of an excerpt An ability to analyze a text for how it conforms to the conventions of a particular genre An ability to establish formal tone, paying attention to conventions of written English An ability to take leadership in class discussions, addressing nuances in the author’s craft to help peers understand literature from different perspectives
Hamlet Close Reading Worksheets Bundle
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Hamlet Close Reading Worksheets Bundle

19 Resources
Support the development of close reading skills for high school with this complete bundle of worksheets composed of inference questions covering every individual scene in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet. These resources will encourage students to analyze how complex characters develop, explore character motivations, interpret figurative expressions, apply knowledge of literary devices, develop greater confidence in decoding Shakespearean language, and much more. Answer keys are included. All materials are delivered in a zip file containing printable Word Document and PDF versions. Use these resources for independent or small group engagement with the text; they may lead to thoughtful discussions that contribute meaningfully to a culture of active learning in high school English classrooms. With these instructional materials, students will demonstrate the following: An ability to define complex vocabulary in context An ability to analyze context clues and draw logical inferences about character motivations An ability to analyze context clues and draw logical inferences about character relationships An ability to analyze the text for literary devices such as foreshadowing, situational irony, dramatic irony, theme, symbolism, dynamic character, and more An ability to identify the function of a particular passage An ability to find and articulate relevant textual details in support of a claim An ability to analyze context clues to discern and articulate the significance of a given detail An ability to articulate what the text indicates both explicitly and implicitly An ability to write with clarity and precision
Much Ado About Nothing Close Reading Analysis Worksheets Bundle
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Much Ado About Nothing Close Reading Analysis Worksheets Bundle

17 Resources
Challenge high school students to go beyond basic reading comprehension and exercise close reading analysis skills while engaging with Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare. Each close reading activity is rigorous enough for students to find deeper meaning in the text, yet convenient enough for teachers to efficiently gather data on their students’ textual analysis skills. Included are seventeen close reading worksheets, each addressing an individual scene, and answer keys. Materials are delivered in Word Document and PDF formats. By the end of the play, students will: Identify what the text states explicitly and implicitly Define complex words as they are used in the text Examine nuances in words with similar meanings Discern the intended effect of figurative language in context Delve into the methods by which Shakespeare achieved narrative effects such as tension and comic relief Explore how complex characters think, behave, develop, and interact Compare and contrast several characters Conduct brief research on the four humors of classical Greek medicine to facilitate an evaluation of Benedick’s condition midway through the play Apply knowledge of literary devices including metaphor, simile, hyperbole, allusion, malapropism, personification, paradox, invective, oxymoron, symbolism, dramatic irony, situational irony, verbal irony, and more Determine the tone of given passages Discern the functions of given passages Compare elements of one scene with those of another Support claims and inferences with sound reasoning and relevant textual evidence Write about Shakespearean drama with clarity, accuracy, and precision
The Great Gatsby Mega Bundle of Quizzes, Close Readings, and a Test
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The Great Gatsby Mega Bundle of Quizzes, Close Readings, and a Test

19 Resources
Measure reading comprehension and support the development of close reading skills with this bundle of worksheets and assessments composed of both plot-based and inference questions designed to help high school students analyze The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. A comprehension quiz and close reading analysis worksheet is provided for each individual chapter. A summative test culminates the unit. Answer keys are included. Materials are delivered as printable Word Documents and PDFs.
House on Mango Street Close Reading Worksheets Bundle
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House on Mango Street Close Reading Worksheets Bundle

20 Resources
Help students go beyond basic reading comprehension and develop close reading analysis skills with this bundle of rigorous worksheets covering The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros. Each activity focuses on a single vignette from the novel and helps readers get a better sense of how the author’s literary style develops character and advances plot. Answer keys are provided, and all materials are delivered in Word Document and PDF formats. These resources may facilitate small-group discussions in which students decode language and pose/respond to questions relating to plot, broad topics, and character development. Using these resources for structured guidance, students will improve their ability to present information, conclusions, and supporting textual evidence clearly and convincingly. By engaging with these activities, students will do the following: Identify what the text states explicitly and implicitly Define complex words or phrases as they are used in the text Discern the intended effects of the author’s stylistic choices Explore cause-and-effect relationships Examine how complex characters think, behave, develop, and interact Compare and contrast characters Explore a variety of objects for symbolic value Apply knowledge of literary devices including metaphor, simile, hyperbole, personification, repetition, situational irony, dramatic irony, and more Articulate the greater significance of given details Explore important social concepts such as gender inequality and institutional bias Conduct brief research on relevant topics Support claims and inferences with sound reasoning and relevant textual evidence Write about literature with clarity, accuracy, and precision And more
Short Stories for Christmas Quizzes, Close Readings, Vocabulary Games, and Test Bundle
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Short Stories for Christmas Quizzes, Close Readings, Vocabulary Games, and Test Bundle

19 Resources
Evaluate reading comprehension, support critical thinking, and embrace the spirit of Christmas and wintertime no matter the time of year with this bundle of plot-based quizzes, close reading analysis worksheets, vocabulary development exercises, and an end-of-unit test for six holiday-themed short stories: “A Christmas Memory” by Truman Capote, “The Gift of the Magi” by O. Henry, “The Burglar’s Christmas” by Willa Cather, “At Christmas Time” by Anton Chekhov, “The Heavenly Christmas Tree” by Fyodor Dostoevsky, and “Three Wise Guys” by Sandra Cisneros. Answer keys are provided. Materials are delivered in editable Word Document and printable PDF formats. By engaging with these activities, students will: Identify what the text states explicitly and implicitly Define words and phrases as they are used in the text Consult reference materials in order to learn and verify word meanings Choose the most proper application of words as they are used in sentences Discern the intended effects of the authors’ word choices and narrative techniques Determine the functions of given excerpts Describe and examine tone in context Explore how complex characters think, behave, interact, and develop Apply knowledge of literary devices including epiphany, foreshadowing, idiom, metaphor, onomatopoeia, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, situational irony, and more Consider themes in context Support claims and inferences with sound reasoning and relevant evidence Write about fiction with clarity, accuracy, and precision Come to class better prepared to discuss literature
Taming of the Shrew Quiz, Close Reading, Test, and Answer Key Bundle
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Taming of the Shrew Quiz, Close Reading, Test, and Answer Key Bundle

19 Resources
This low-prep bundle covering The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare contains all the formative and summative assessments teachers need to assess general reading comprehension, support the development of close reading analysis skills, and greatly reduce take-home grading responsibilities. Included are six multiple choice quizzes; twelve close reading worksheets, each covering a single scene; an end-of-unit test; and answer keys. Materials are delivered in Word Document and PDF formats. By engaging with these resources, students will have opportunities to perform the following tasks: Identify what the text states explicitly and implicitly Define complex words as they are used in the text Explore how complex characters think, behave, develop, and interact Determine the tone of given passages Discern the functions of given passages Examine the greater significance of a given detail Consider how the effect of humor is achieved in context Apply knowledge of literary devices including oxymoron, hyperbole, sibilance, onomatopoeia, assonance, metaphor, simile, situational irony, verbal irony, dramatic irony, and more Conduct brief research on the Roman goddess Diana and articulate the similarities between her and Katharina Conduct brief research on the four humours and articulate the findings Evaluate behavior to determine which character is most committed to their role in the charade Isolate details that represent the best textual evidence in support of claims Write about Shakespearean drama with clarity, accuracy, and precision
The Merchant of Venice Close Reading Analysis Worksheets Bundle
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The Merchant of Venice Close Reading Analysis Worksheets Bundle

20 Resources
Help high school students go beyond basic reading comprehension and support the development of critical thinking and craft analysis skills with this bundle of close reading activities covering each scene of William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. Answer keys are included. Materials are delivered in editable Word Document and printable PDF formats. By engaging with these materials, students will: Identify what the text states explicitly as well as implicitly Consult reference materials in order to learn and verify word meanings Discern the intended effects of the author’s word choices and narrative techniques Determine the functions of given excerpts Describe tone in context Explore how complex characters think, behave, interact, and develop Consider the motif of the guest-host relationship and argue whether Portia conforms to the expectations of a good host, or whether she fails to meet expectations and represents a bad host Compare and contrast characters (Antonio and Shylock; Portia and Antonio; Jessica and Portia) Apply knowledge of many literary devices with emphasis on metaphor, oxymoron, onomatopoeia, allusion, personification, symbolism, invective, euphemism, juxtaposition, hyperbole situational irony, and dramatic irony Conduct brief online research (if necessary) to determine the symbolic value of a particular object Support claims and inferences with sound reasoning and relevant evidence Write about Shakespearean drama with clarity, accuracy, and precision Come to class better prepared to discuss dramatic works
Creative Writing Bundle for High School
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Creative Writing Bundle for High School

6 Resources
This bundle includes 6 three-week, standards-based unit plans and all instructional materials for supporting high school Creative Writing students as they generate original works of fiction. Not only does this bundle provide everything a teacher needs to carry out the curriculum to fidelity, but it substantially reduces prep work so teachers may invest more time developing positive relationships with students and offering personalized support as they work to achieve learning targets. All materials are delivered in Word Document and PDF formats. A variety of literary genres is covered with this bundle: Gothic, fantasy, fairy tales, science fiction, realistic fiction, and adventure fiction. At the conclusion of the six units, students will have have done the following: Developed greater understanding of the conventions of each genre. Analyzed how professionally published authors used characterization, description, and literary devices that are consistent with the conventions of each genre Conducted research to facilitate idea development Organized initial ideas in a coherent manner. Engaged the reader with compelling exposition that established setting and tone. Used many appropriate narrative techniques (dialogue, dialect, description, pacing, etc.) to enhance plot. Drafted coherent, cohesive, and appropriate narratives that build toward a particular tone and outcome (a sense of mystery, suspense, etc.). Used precise words and phrases, active verbs, and sensory language to convey compelling stories. Drafted unrushed conclusions that resolve conflicts and convey themes. Showed mastery of the conventions of standard English grammar, usage, capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.