<p>223 Slides on Externalities and Market Failure:</p> <ul> <li>Market Mechanism</li> <li>Free Market</li> <li>Why markets fail</li> <li>Meaning of Market Failure</li> <li>Externalities – Defining Externality</li> <li>Private and Social Costs</li> <li>Private and Social Benefits</li> <li>The Problem Created by Externalities</li> <li>Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)</li> <li>Spillover Effect</li> <li>Merit Goods, Demerit Goods, and Information Failure</li> <li>Value-Free Economics</li> <li>Moral Hazard</li> <li>Adverse Selection</li> <li>Public Goods</li> <li>Quasi-Public Goods</li> <li>Private Goods</li> <li>Excludable vs. Non-excludable Goods</li> <li>Rival vs. Non-rival Goods</li> <li>Government Intervention</li> <li>Regulation</li> <li>Price Controls and Price stabilization</li> </ul>

76 page Economics AS Revision Guide:<br /> Contents:<br /> EXAM TIPS: READ THIS <br /> When do you need to evaluate / How to evaluate <br /> Useful words for evaluation / The nature and purpose of economic activity <br /> Factors of production / Free and economic goods <br /> Profit / Example: <br /> Production Possibility Frontier / Opportunity Cost <br /> Opportunity cost and the PPF / Positive and Normative statements <br /> Examples of positive statements / Examples of normative statements: <br /> Demand and Supply / The Supply Curve <br /> Factors affecting supply / Demand curve / Factors affecting demand <br /> Price equilibrium / Composite demand / Joint demand / Joint supply <br /> Derived demand / Price mechanism / Price elasticity of demand <br /> Factors affecting PED / Elasticity of demand and total revenue <br /> Income elasticity of demand / Normal and luxury goods <br /> Inferior goods / Cross elasticity of demand / Complements <br /> Substitutes / Price elasticity of supply / Factors affecting PES <br /> Specialisation, division of labour and exchange / Benefits from specialisation <br /> Division of labour / The role of money / Economies of scale <br /> Internal economies of scale / External economies of scale <br /> Diseconomies of scale / Production, productivity and productive efficiency <br /> Labour productivity / Productive efficiency <br /> Market failure / Public goods / Quasi-Public goods <br /> Public goods and the valuation problem / Private goods<br /> Externalities / Negative externalities / Evaluation <br /> The disadvantages of using taxation to correct externalities <br /> The benefits of taxation / Taxation diagrams <br /> The use of tradable permits to tackle pollution <br /> Evaluation of permits / Other measures the government can use besides permits <br /> Positive externalities / Evaluation <br /> The disadvantages of using subsidies / Advantages of using a subsidy <br /> Subsidies diagram / Market failure and inequality <br /> Merit and demerit goods / Demerit goods <br /> Labour immobility and market failure / Occupational immobility <br /> Policies to improve occupational immobility: <br /> Geographical immobility / Policies to improve geographical mobility: <br /> Evaluation of policies to reduce immobility / Monopoly and market failure <br /> Evaluation of monopolies / Why do monopolies exist? <br /> Evaluation of monopolies - Advantages / Buffer stock schemes <br /> Advantages of using a buffer stock scheme / Evaluation of buffer stock schemes <br /> Minimum price / Evaluation of minimum price <br /> Maximum price / Advantages of maximum price <br /> Evaluation of maximum price <br /> Government intervention – Methods, benefits and drawbacks <br /> Government failure <br /> Why does government failure occur? <br /> Examples of government failure? <br /> <br />

Business Studies revision guide for GCSE. Can be made available to students via VLE, useful resource for pre-exam revision. The resource is designed to help aid students' revise for business topics studied at GCSE level. <br /> <br /> MARKETING<br /> -Market research<br /> -Product trial and repeat purchase<br /> -Product life cycle<br /> -Boston Matrix<br /> -Branding and differentiation<br /> -Building a successful marketing mix<br /> <br /> OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT<br /> -Design and research development<br /> -Manage stock and quality<br /> -Cost-effective operations and competitiveness<br /> -Effective customer Service<br /> -Meeting consumer protection laws<br /> <br /> FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND FINANCIAL DECISION<br /> -How to improve cash flow<br /> -How to improve profit<br /> -Break-even charts and break-even analysis<br /> -Financial growth<br /> <br /> PEOPLE IN BUSINESS<br /> -Organisational structure<br /> -Motivational theory-Communication<br /> -Remuneration<br /> <br /> EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON BUSINESS ACTIVITY<br /> -Ethics in business<br /> -Environmental issues<br /> -Economic issues affecting international trade<br /> -The impact of government and the EU<br /> <br /> (Edit document as you please, e.g. include your teacher's names, school name, logo)

Business Growth <br /> Business objectives <br /> Other objectives <br /> Stakeholders <br /> Legal structures <br /> Marketing Mix – Product <br /> Marketing Mix – Price <br /> Marketing Mix – Place <br /> Marketing mix – Promotion <br /> Sources of finance <br /> Profit and loss account <br /> Balance sheet <br /> Ratio Analysis <br /> Organisational Structure <br /> Recruitment and retention <br /> Training <br /> Staff appraisal/Performance review <br /> Motivation <br /> Operations management – Flow Production <br /> Lean production (Just in Time production) <br /> Advantages and disadvantages of business growth <br /> Quality control<br />

92 page A2 Economics Revision Guide:<br /> Costs of production<br /> Marginal and average costs / Law of diminishing marginal returns<br /> Cost curve / The long run / Returns to scale / The long run cost curve <br /> Economies of scale / External economies of scale / Minimum efficient scale <br /> Diseconomies of scale / Revenue / Revenue curves <br /> Formulas for calculating costs and revenues / Profit maximisation <br /> Sales revenue maximisation / Sales volume maximisation <br /> The divorce of ownership and control / Evaluation of business objectives <br /> Market structures / Perfect competition <br /> Diagrams for perfect competition / Long run equilibrium – From supernormal profit to normal profit / From loss to normal profit <br /> Productive and allocative efficiency on a diagram / The demand and supply curve <br /> The shutdown point / Consumer surplus <br /> Monopoly / Origins/source of monopoly power <br /> Evaluation of monopolies / Diagram for a monopoly firm <br /> Comparison with perfect competition / The deadweight welfare loss diagram <br /> Natural monopolies / Exploitation under natural monopoly <br /> Evaluation of natural monopolies / Price discrimination <br /> First degree price discrimination / Second degree price discrimination <br /> Third degree price discrimination / Evaluation of price discrimination <br /> Oligopoly / The kinked demand curve (interdependence – 1) / Collusion <br /> Evaluation - Why do cartels fail? / Evaluation of cartels <br /> Contestable markets / Privatisation and deregulation <br /> Arguments for PPP / Arguments against PPP / Evaluation of privatisation <br /> Evaluation of deregulation / Internal markets / Competition policy <br /> Evaluation of competition policy / Industry regulators <br /> Price regulation / Market failure <br /> Environmental market failure / Methods of government intervention <br /> Regulation and legislation / Taxation / Emissions trading <br /> Property rights / Positive externalities – AS recap / Merit goods – AS recap <br /> Demerit goods – AS recap / Public goods – AS recap / Government failure <br /> Why does government failure occur? / Examples of government failure? <br /> The Labour market / Marginal Revenue Productivity Theory <br /> Elasticity of demand for labour / Supply of labour / Elasticity of supply for labour <br /> Backward bending labour supply curve / Imperfections in the real world <br /> Trade Unions / Monopsony / Evaluation of unions / Discrimination in the labour market <br /> Income wealth and poverty / The Lorenz curve <br /> Policies to tackle inequality and the uneven distribution of income and wealth <br /> Absolute poverty / Relative poverty / The poverty trap <br /> Evaluation / Horizontal and vertical equity / Cost Benefit Analysis <br /> Evaluation / Market structures – Overview <br />

Learning Objectives: <br /> <br /> To understand the concept of Globalisation with reference to Multinationals. <br /> <br /> To describe and explain what are Multinational companies.<br /> <br /> Complete lesson with PowerPoint, Worksheet and Handouts - plenty for debates, discussion and Q&amp;A .

Learning Objectives: <br /> To understand how business activity can affect the environment and the concept of externalities.<br /> To understand what sustainable development means and how businesses can contribute to this.<br /> To understand the increasing concern for the environment and pressure groups.<br /> <br /> Main Task is a Trade off Challenge - interesting and engaging.

A complete lesson on interest rates: <br /> <br /> * To understand what interest rates is.<br /> <br /> * To recognise and explain how interest rates can impact on businesses and consumers.<br /> <br /> How does the change in interest rates impact on consumers, savers, borrowers, homeowners and businesses?

<p>39 Slides - Q&amp;A - thought provoking.<br /> Externalities - definition.<br /> Positive externalities<br /> Are there any positive externalities derived from beekeeping?<br /> What are the positive externalities associated with planting an attractive garden in front of a house?<br /> What are the positive externalities associated with more and more people buying a mobile phone?<br /> What are the positive externalities associated with education?<br /> How could you measure the positive externalities of education?<br /> Negative externalities<br /> Why do fishermen fish?<br /> How could you measure the negative externalities of fishing?<br /> What are the negative externalities associated with smoking?</p>

68 page AS Economics Revision Guide:<br /> Contents:<br /> Circular flow of income <br /> The objectives of the government <br /> Economic growth <br /> Unemployment <br /> How does the government measure unemployment? <br /> Costs to the economy from unemployment: <br /> Inflation <br /> Costs of inflation <br /> Causes of inflation <br /> RPI and CPI <br /> Deflation <br /> Exchange rates <br /> Evaluation points for exchange rates <br /> Balance of payments <br /> Why does the UK run a deficit on the balance of payments? <br /> Evaluation points <br /> Fiscal and monetary policy <br /> Evaluation of fiscal policy <br /> Interest rates <br /> Evaluation of interest rates <br /> The Economic Cycle <br /> Trend rate of growth <br /> Shifts in the aggregate demand curve <br /> The multiplier effect <br /> Evaluation of the multiplier <br /> The accelerator effect <br /> The Short Run Aggregate Supply Curve <br /> The Sticky Wage Theory <br /> The sticky price theory <br /> What shifts the SRAS curve? <br /> The distinction between short run and long run <br /> The Long Run Aggregate Supply Curve <br /> The output gap <br /> Supply side policies <br /> Evaluation of supply side policies <br /> Exam technique <br /> Common mistakes in exams <br /> Evaluation tips <br /> Examples of evaluation <br /> Weak Evaluation and Strong Evaluation <br /> Example of Developed Evaluation <br /> Essay plans <br /> Labour productivity <br /> Essay plans <br /> Savings <br />

Complete PowerPoint Lesson(s) on:<br /> <br /> 68 slides on Demand &amp; Supply - just open and teach! <br /> Ready to go with comprehensive notes and simplified diagrams<br /> Tailored to the CIE spec, but can be used for any spec.

<p>The A Level topics covered in this section are:<br />  <br /> Economic growth, economic development and sustainability<br /> National income statistics<br /> Classification of countries<br /> Employment/unemployment<br /> The circular flow of income<br /> Money supply (theory)<br /> Keynesian and Monetarist schools<br /> The demand for money and interest rate determination<br /> Policies towards developing economies; policies of trade and aid</p>

The ECONOMIC stages that the UK goes through is referred to as the Business Cycle. <br /> Stages of the Business Cycle with Multiple-Choice Questions.

This is a introductory lesson - you can edit it as you wish.<br /> <br /> Why study economics? <br /> What is the economic problem? <br /> What skills do you need?<br /> What careers can you get? <br /> <br /> It has a 500 word essay on the economic problem to get students econ brains sizzling!