This lesson describes how the electron transport chain and the chemiosmosis are involved in the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The PowerPoint has been designed to cover point 7.4 of the Edexcel International A-level Biology specification and also looks at the role of the enzyme, ATP synthase.
The lesson begins with a discussion about the starting point of the reaction. In the previous stages, the starting molecule was the final product of the last stage but in this stage, it is the reduced coenzymes which release their hydrogen atoms. Moving forwards, the process of oxidative phosphorylation is covered in 7 steps and at each point, key facts are discussed and explored in detail to enable a deep understanding to be developed. Students will see how the proton gradient is created and that the flow of protons down the channel associated with ATP synthase results in a conformational change and the addition of phosphate groups to ADP. Understanding checks are included throughout the lesson to enable the students to assess their progress.
This lesson has been specifically written to tie in with the other uploaded lessons on glycolysis, the link reaction and Krebs cycle.
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Photosynthesis & Respiration (Edexcel Int. A-level Biology)
Photosynthesis and respiration are two of the most commonly assessed topics in A-level exams but these questions are sometimes poorly answered by students due to a lack of understanding or an inability to apply their knowledge. With this in mind, these 8 lessons have been intricately planned to contain a wide range of activities that will engage and motivate the students whilst covering the key detail to try to deepen their understanding and includes exam-style questions so they are fully prepared for these assessments. The following specification points in topics 5 and 7 of the Edexcel International A-level Biology specification are covered by these lessons: * Understand the overall reaction of photosynthesis * Understand the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis including the role of these electrons in generating ATP, reducing NADP in photophosphorylation and producing oxygen through photolysis of water * Understand the light-independent reactions as reduction of carbon dioxide using the products of the light-dependent reactions * Know that the products are simple sugars that are used by plants, animals and other organisms in respiration and the synthesis of new biological molecules * Understand the structure of chloroplasts in relation to their role in photosynthesis * Understand the overall reaction of aerobic respiration * Understand that respiration is a many-stepped process with each step controlled and catalysed by a specific intracellular enzyme * Understand the roles of glycolysis in aerobic and anaerobic respiration * Understand the role of the link reaction and the Krebs cycle in the complete oxidation of glucose and formation of carbon dioxide, ATP, reduced NAD and reduced FAD * Understand how ATP is synthesised by oxidative phosphorylation If you would like to sample the quality of the lessons in this bundle then download the products of photosynthesis lesson as this has been shared for free
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Topic 7: Respiration, Muscles and the Internal Environment (Edexcel Int. A-level Biology)
This bundle contains 20 lesson PowerPoints which are highly detailed to ensure that the topic 7 content is covered at the depth required for A-level Biology. The lessons have been intricately planned to contain a wide variety of tasks that will engage and motivate the students whilst covering the current material and to make links to other lessons in this topic as well as to the previous 6 topics. The tasks, which include exam-style questions with mark schemes, guided discussion time and quick quiz competitions, cover the following points in the respiration, muscles and the internal environment topic of the Edexcel International A-level Biology specification: * The overall reaction of aerobic respiration * The many steps of respiration are controlled and catalysed by a specific intracellular enzyme * The roles of glycolysis in aerobic and anaerobic respiration * The role of the link reaction and the Krebs cycle in the complete oxidation of glucose * The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation * Know the way in which muscles, tendons, the skeleton and ligaments interact in movement * The structure of skeletal muscle fibre * The structural and physiological differences between fast and slow twitch muscle fibres * The contraction of skeletal muscle in terms of the sliding filament theory * The myogenic nature of cardiac muscle * The coordination of the heartbeat * The use of ECGs in the diagnosis of abnormal heart rhythms * The calculation of cardiac output * The control of heart rate and ventilation rate by the cardiovascular control centre and the ventilation centre in the medulle oblongata * The role of adrenaline in the fight or flight response * The meaning of negative feedback and positive feedback control * The principle of negative feedback in maintaining systems within narrow limits * The meaning of homeostasis and the maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium in exercise * The gross and microscopic structure of the mammalian kidney * Selective reabsorption in the proximal tubule * The control of mammalian plasma concentration * Switching genes on and off by DNA transcription factors and the roles of peptide and steroid hormones Due to the detail included in this lesson bundle, it is estimated that it will take in excess of 2 months of allocated A-level teaching time to cover the content If you would like to sample the quality of the lessons in the bundle, then download the skeletal muscle, coordination of the heartbeat, role of adrenaline and control of mammalian plasma concentration lessons as these have been uploaded for free
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