REVISION: "APPLIED ETHICS"

Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)

Seven pages

APPLIED ETHICS

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Examples of CSR:
Gates Foundation
M&S f
Merck & Co
Amazon

MILTON FRIEDMAN
Friedman Doctrine
'Hypocritical window dressing’
Greenwashing
Coca-Cola’s Giving Pledge

KANTIAN ETHICS
Goodwill
Universalisability
Formula of the End in Itself

UTILITARIANISM
Act Utilitarianism
Bentham
Natural rights “nonsense on stilts”
Rule Utilitarianism
Preference Utilitarianism
Evaluation

GLOBALISATION

Interconnectedness
Issues
Loss, abuse, damage and inequality

KANTIAN ETHICS
Capitalism

UTILITARIANISM
Objective empirical approach
Voluntary diversification
Evaluation

**GOOD ETHICS IS GOOD BUSINESS **

Duty to be honest
FRIEDMAN
Mill’s harm principle
Singer’s strong principle
ADAM SMITH
Self-interest
KARL MARX
Instability in capitalism
Exploiting labour

KANTIAN ETHICS
Self-satisfaction instead
UTILITARIANISM
Pursuit of lower pleasures
Evaluation

EUTHANASIA

Should ‘good death’ be universally permitted?

SANCTITY OF LIFE

Human life made in God’s image
Genesis 1
Catholic DECLARATION ON EUTHANASIA
Natural Law’s preservation of life
Doctrine of double effect
PIUS XII
Secondary effect of medicines
Dignity of the human person
Technological abuse
Criticism of SofL
DANIEL MAGUIRE
PETER SINGER
Value to community also
RONALD DWORKIN
Affirming life

QUALITY OF LIFE

Secular concept

Case studies:
DANIEL JAMES
TONY NICKLINSON

Personhood
GERMAIN GRISEZ
Criticisms of QofL
‘Playing God’
Consent

VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA

GREGORY PENCE
Autonomy

NON-VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA

Persistent vegetative state

PERSONAL AUTONOMY

Self-determination
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
J.S MILL
Individual is sovereign
'Harm principle’
Criticisms
One’s life is of value to others
Depression

MEDICAL + NON-MEDICAL INTERVENTION

Difference between ‘killing’ + ‘letting die’
Morally equivalent, equal responsibility
Active or passive?
JAMES RACHELS
HELGA KUHSE
Nazi Germany
Conclusion

APPLICATION OF ETHICAL THEORIES TO EUTHANASIA

NATURAL LAW

Doctrine of double effect c
Precept of preservation of life
Value of life
Prevents achieving telos
Secular societies
What is ‘natural’?
Blurred distinction

SITUATION ETHICS

Agape
Personalism
Pragmatism
Positivism
Relativism