T Level Health - Carbohydrates

T Level Health, Core B core science concepts. Template adapted from Canva.com.
B1.8 The molecular structures of the large molecules and how they are used within the body:
• proteins:
o the basic units of proteins are amino acids
o the relationship between primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure
o proteins are used within the body for growth and repair
• carbohydrates:
o the most basic carbohydrate is a monosaccharide – monosaccharides are composed of
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
o when combined in pairs, monosaccharides form disaccharides through a condensation reaction
and the formation of glycosidic bonds
o carbohydrates are used within the body as a source of energy
• lipids:
o fatty acids and glycerol are the molecules from which triglycerides and phospholipids are formed
o triglycerides are formed by the condensation of 1 molecule of glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty
acid
o phospholipids are formed when one of the fatty acids of a triglyceride is substituted by a
phosphate-containing group
o fatty acid molecules repel water (hydrophobic) and glycerol molecules attract water (hydrophilic)
o phospholipid is made up of 2 parts, a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail – this molecule
structure forms a bi-layer that is important for all membrane functions
o lipids are used within the body for insulation and protection and as an energy source