Taytu Betul (1851-1918) Empress of Ethiopia (1889-1913)

Taytu was the third wife of Emperor Manelik II.
She was an influential figure in anti-colonial resistance against the Italians during the 19th scramble for Africa. Along with her husband they founded the modern Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa in 1886.

As empress she played a valuable role advising her husband on all political matters. Together they laid foundations for medical care, postal service, wool production, the railways and the tax system.Under the powerful couple Ethiopia advanced into the beginning of the 20th century.

The Treaty of Wuchale (1889) was signed with Ethiopia and Italy to strengthen their relationship but the Amharic (Ethiopian language) and Italian versions were different. An added article in the Italian version declared Ethiopia a protectorate of Italy. Italy had wanted Ethiopia to become a colony.
WAR ensued - the battle of Adwa followed . Taytu was present on the front line and led the Ethiopians to a historic victory with strategic brilliance and courage. Ethiopia had successfully defended its sovereignty and became an inspiration for African freedom.

In early 1900’s Manelik II fell seriously ill and Taytu took all the decisions for Ethiopia.
In her fourth and final marriage she married king Manelik of Shewa who later become Emperor of Ethiopia

Sources
Wikipedia
*RISE: Extraordinary Women of Colour Who Changed the World *
*by Maliha Abidi
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