This fully-resourced lesson describes the ultrastructure of a prokaryotic cell and the function of the structures found in these cells. The engaging PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been designed to cover specification point 3.5 (i) & (ii) as detailed in the Edexcel International A-level Biology specification and also compares these cells against the eukaryotic cells that were met in the previous lesson.
A clear understanding of terminology is important for A-level Biology so this lesson begins with a challenge, where the students have to recognise a prefix that they believe translates as before or in front of . This leads into the discovery of the meaning of prokaryote as before nucleus and this acts to remind students that these types of cell lack this cell structure. Links to the previous lessons on the eukaryotic cells are made throughout the lesson and at this particular point, the students are asked to work out why the DNA would be described as naked and to state where it will be found in the cell. Moving forwards, the students will discover that these cells also lack membrane bound organelles and a quick quiz competition challenges them to identify the specific structure that is absent from just a single word. In addition to the naked DNA, students will learn that there are also ribosomes in the cytoplasm and will discover that these are smaller than those found in the cytoplasm of an eukaryotic cell (but the same size as those in chloroplasts and mitochondria). The remainder of the lesson focuses on the composition of the cell wall, the additional features of prokaryotic cells such as plasmids and there is also the introduction of binary fission as the mechanism by which these organisms reproduce
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Topic 3: Cell structure, Reproduction & Development (Edexcel International A-level Biology)
The locus and linkage, meiosis, differential gene expression and protein transport within cells lessons have been uploaded for free and by downloading these, you will be able to observe the detail of planning that has gone into all of the lessons that are included in this bundle. This intricate planning ensures that the students are engaged and motivated whilst the detailed content of topic 3 (Cell structure, Reproduction and Development) of the Edexcel International A-level Biology specification is covered. The 14 lesson PowerPoints and accompanying resources contain a wide range of activities which cover the following topic 3 specification points: * All living organisms are made of cells * Cells of multicellular organisms are organised into tissues, organs and organ systems * The ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells * The function of the organelles in eukaryotic animal cells * The role of the RER and Golgi apparatus in protein transport within cells * The ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells * Magnification and resolution in light and electron microscopes * The gene locus is the location of a gene on a chromosome * The linkage of genes on a chromosome * The role of meiosis in ensuring genetic variation * Understand how the mammalian gametes are specialised for their functions * The role of mitosis and the cell cycle in growth and asexual reproduction * Calculation of mitotic indices * The meaning of the terms stem cell, pluripotent, totipotent, morula and blastocyst * The decisions that have to be made about the use of stem cells in medical therapies * Cells become specialised through differential gene expression * One gene can give rise to more than one protein through post-transcriptional changes to mRNA * Phenotype is the interaction between genotype and the environment * Epigenetic modifications can alter the activation of certain genes * Some phenotypes are affected by multiple alleles or by polygenic inheritance Due to the detail included in all of these lessons, it is estimated that it will take in excess of 6 weeks of allocated A-level teaching time to complete the teaching of the bundle
The ultrastructure of cells (Edexcel Int. A-level Biology)
This lesson bundle contains 6 lessons which have been designed to cover the Edexcel International A-level Biology specification points which focus on the structure of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and the functions of their components. The lesson PowerPoints are highly detailed, and along with the accompanying worksheets, they have been planned at length to contain a wide range of engaging tasks which cover the following A-level Biology content found in topics 2, 3 and 4 of the course: 2.2 (i): Know the structure and function of cell membranes 3.1: Know that all living organisms are made of cells, sharing some common features 3.2: Understand how the cells of multicellular organisms are organised into tissues, tissues into organs and organs into systems 3.3: Know the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells, including nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, centrioles, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus 3.4: Understand the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and the Golgi apparatus in protein transport within cells, including their role in the formation of extracellular enzymes 3.5: Know the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells, including cell wall, capsule, plasmid, flagellum, pili, ribosomes, mesosomes and circular DNA 3.11: Understand how mammalian gametes are specialised for their functions (including the acrosome in sperm and the zona pellucida in the egg) 4.1 (i): Know the ultrastructure of plant cells (cell walls, chloroplasts, amyloplasts, vacuole, tonoplast, plasmodesmata, pits and middle lamella) and be able to compare it with animal cells 4.1 (ii): understand the function of the structures listed in (i)
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