MODEL ANSWER The economist Greg Mankiw has written that ‘society faces a trade-off between efficiency and equity. Efficiency means that society is getting the maximum benefits from its scarce resources. Equity means that those benefits are distributed fairly among society’s members. Often, when government policies are designed, these two goals conflict.’ Explain how a production possibility diagram can be used to illustrate some features of the fundamental economic problem (15 marks)

MODEL ANSWER Extract F (lines 19–20) notes that ‘The UK Government recognises the need to raise aspirations and attainment for girls’. Use the extracts and your knowledge of economics to evaluate the policies that the government might use to reduce the gender pay gap. (25 marks)

MODEL ANSWER Explain why a lack of competition is likely to lead to allocative and productive inefficiency in markets such as the market for energy (15 marks)

MODEL ANSWER Evaluate the view that if markets can be made more contestable there is no need for further government intervention (25 marks)

MODEL ANSWER Applying material from Item C and your own knowledge of research methods, evaluate the strengths and limitations of using written questionnaires to investigate the role of parents in their children’s achievement in school (20)

Aimed at GCSE and A Level Sociology students to support classroom study. (4 lesson bundle) Introduction: What is Sociology? What are Social Factors? Culture Lesson 1: Social Factors - DRCAGES (Disability, Race, Class, Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Sexuality) Sociological Theory - Marxism, Functionalism, Feminism, Interactionism, New Right (political thinkers) -Marxism - Karl Marx and the Basis of Marxist Arguments - Key Terms - Criticisms of Marxism* Lesson 2: Feminism - Basis of Feminist Arguments - Key Terms - Types of Feminism (Liberal, Radical, Difference/Postmodernist, Marxist, Dual Systems) - Key Feminist Sociologists (Anne Oakley, Walby, Delphy and Leonard)* Lesson 3: The New Right - Beliefs about society - Liberal New Right - Conservative New Right*

Complete lesson notes aimed towards A-Level Sociology students Includes: Althusser (Education as an Ideological Status Apparatus) Bowles and Gintis (The Myth of Meritocracy) Bowles and Gintis (The Correspondence Principle) Willis (Learning to Labour study) Fordism and Post-Fordism Criticisms of Marxist Arguments

Complete lesson notes aimed towards A-Level Sociology students studying Belief Systems module. Includes: Marx and false class consciousness Religion as a force of alienation Religion as a conservative force Evaluation points

Complete lesson notes aimed towards A-Level Sociology students studying Belief Systems module. Includes: Functions of religion Durkheim, totemism and collective conscience Criticisms of Durkheim Malinowski, Parsons and Bellah (Neo-functionalism), with criticisms

Complete lesson notes aimed towards A-Level Sociology students studying Belief Systems module. Includes: Gender paradox Religious laws and customs Walby and De Beauvoir, Holm and Bowker, Aldridge Places of worship Religious organisations and the stained glass ceiling Sacred texts Radical feminist perspective Marxist feminist perspective Muslim feminist perspective Criticisms

Complete lesson notes aimed towards A-Level Sociology students studying Belief Systems module. Includes: religion and consensus religion and capitalism religion and patriarchy religion as a force for social change the protestant work ethic and the spirit of capitalism criticisms of Weber

Complete lesson notes aimed towards A-Level Sociology students studying Belief Systems module. Includes: The civil rights movement Bruce- taking the moral high ground, channeling dissent, acting as an honest broker, mobilising public opinion Nelson Neo-Marxist views- Gramsci and Maduro Liberation Theology Religious Fundamentalism Religious Fundamentalism as a force for change

Complete lesson notes aimed towards A-Level Sociology students studying Belief Systems module. Includes: Interpretivism and Religion The social construction of reality Link to postmodernism Criticisms of Berger and Luckman Postmodernism and Religion Decline in meta-narratives Increasing secularisation spiritual shoppers syncretic religion increase in religious fundamentalism criticisms of postmodernist views

Complete lesson notes aimed towards A-Level Sociology students studying Belief Systems module. Includes: Wallis World-affirming NRMs World-accommodating NRMs World-rejecting NRMs Criticisms of Wallis

Complete lesson notes aimed towards A-Level Sociology students studying Belief Systems module. Includes: New Age Movements Heelas Woodhead Reiki Crystal Therapy Links to Postmodernism Criticisms of Postmodernist seculatisation theory

Complete lesson notes aimed towards A-Level Sociology students studying Belief Systems module. Includes: The decline in church attendance amongst White Christians African-Caribbeans and Pentecostalism Asian religious groups and ethnic identity Why are ethnic minorities more religious? (cultural defence, cultural transition, religious socialisation etc.) Davie, Stark and Bainbridge, Jacobson and Mirza Criticisms- why ethnic minorities are not more religious

Complete lesson notes aimed towards A-Level Sociology students studying Belief Systems module. Includes: Miller and Hoffman- why women are more religious than men Evidence of equality Davidman- different but equal For and Against- religion maintains patriarchy

Complete lesson notes aimed towards A-Level Sociology students studying Belief Systems module. Includes: Facts and Figures Are older people more religious than the young? Voas and Crockett- the ageing effect, the generational effect, religious socialisation Opposing viewpoints Arweck and Beckford- virtual collapse of religious socialisation