Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.35B - Understand how a change in DNA can affect the phenotype by altering the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Specification Point 3.36B - Understand how most genetic mutations have no effect on the phenotype, some have a small effect and rarely do they have a significant effect. Specification Point 3.37B - Understand that the incidence of mutations can be increased by exposure to ionising radiation (for example, gamma rays, x-rays and ultraviolet rays) and some chemical mutagens (for example, chemicals in tobacco). Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 5.17B - Describe the process of micropropagation (tissue culture) in which explants are grown in vitro. Specification Point 5.18B - Understand how micropropagation can be used to produce commercial quantities of genetically identical plants with desirable characteristics. Specification Point 5.19B - Describe the stages in the production of cloned mammals involving the introduction of a diploid nucleus from a mature cell into an enucleated egg cell, illustrated by Dolly the sheep. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.90 - Describe the structure and functioning of a simple reflex arc illustrated by the withdrawal of a finger from a hot object. Specification Point 2.91 - Describe the structure and function of the eye as a receptor. Specification Point 2.92 - Understand the function of the eye in focusing on near and distant objects, and in responding to changes in light intensity. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.8 - Understand how the structure of the male and female reproductive systems are adapted for their functions. Specification Point 3.9 - Understand the roles of oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 5.5 - Understand the role of yeast in the production of food including bread. Specification Point 5.6 - Practical: investigate the role of anaerobic respiration by yeast in different conditions. Specification Point 5.7 - Understand the role of bacteria (Lactobacillus) in the production of yoghurt. Specification Point 5.8 - Understand the use of an industrial fermenter and explain the need to provide suitable conditions in the fermenter, including aseptic precautions, nutrients, optimum temperature and pH, oxygenation and agitation, for the growth of microorganisms. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.18B - Understand the effects of deforestation, including leaching, soil erosion, disturbance of evapotranspiration and the carbon cycle, and the balance of atmospheric gases. Complete set of Chapter 6 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.5.4.1 - Control and coordination regarding plant hormones. Required Practical 8 - Investigating the effect of light on the growth of newly germinated seedlings. Specification Point 4.5.4.2 - Use of plant hormones. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.40B - Understand the role of diffusion in gas exchange. Specification Point 2.41B - Understand gas exchange in relation to respiration and photosynthesis. Specification Point 2.42B - Understand how the structure of the leaf is adapted for gas exchange. Specification Point 2.43B - Describe the role of stomata in gas exchange. Complete set of Chapter 3 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.15 - Understand the processes of diffusion, osmosis and active transport by which substances move into and out of cells. Specification Point 2.16 - Understand how factors affect the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells, including the effects of surface area to volume ratio, distance, temperature and concentration gradient. Specification Point 2.17 - Practical: Investigate diffusion and osmosis using living and non-living systems. Complete set of Chapter 1 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.33B - Practical: Investigate the energy content in a food sample. Complete set of Chapter 2 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.48 - Explain how alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by diffusion between air in the lungs and blood in capillaries. Specification Point 2.49 - Understand the biological consequences of smoking in relation to the lungs and the circulatory system, including coronary heart disease. Specification Point 2.50 - Practical: Investigate breathing in humans, including the release of carbon dioxide and the effect of exercise. Complete set of Chapter 3 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.83 - Understand that plants respond to stimuli. Specification Point 2.84 - Describe the geotropic and phototropic responses of roots and stems. Specification Point 2.85 - Understand the role of auxin in the phototropic response of stems. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.63B - Understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity. Complete set of Chapter 3 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.70 - Understand the origin of carbon dioxide and oxygen as waste products of metabolism and their loss from the stomata of a leaf. Specification Point 2.71 - Know the excretory products of the lungs, kidneys and skin. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.80 - Understand how organisms are able to respond to changes in their environment. Specification Point 2.81 - Understand that homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment, and that body water content and body temperature are both examples of homeostasis. Specification Point 2.82 - Understand that a coordinated response requires a stimulus, a receptor and an effector. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.38 - Explain Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. Specification Point 3.39 - Understand how resistance to antibiotics can increase in bacterial populations, and appreciate how such an increase can lead to infections being difficult to control. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.6 - Understand the names given to different trophic levels, including producers, primary, secondary and tertiary consumers and decomposers. Specification Point 4.7 - Understand the concepts of food chains, food webs, pyramids of number, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of energy transfer. Specification Point 4.8 - Understand the transfer of substances and energy along a food chain. Specification Point 4.9 - Understand why only about 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. Complete set of Chapter 6 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 5.10 - Understand how selective breeding can develop plants with desired characteristics. Specification Point 5.11 - Understand how selective breeding can develop animals with desired characteristics. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.93 - Describe the role of the skin in temperature regulation, with reference to sweating, vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.1 - Understand the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction. Specification Point 3.2 - Understand that fertilization involves the fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a zygote that undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.