This lesson describes the biuret and emulsion tests for proteins and lipids respectively and then acts as a revision lesson for topics 2.2 and 2.3. The engaging PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been designed to be taught at the end of topic 2 and uses a range of activities to challenge the students on their knowledge of that topic, but also covers the second part of point 2.1 (a) of the CIE A-level Biology specification when the qualitative tests are described.
The first section of the lesson describes the steps in the biuret test and challenges the students on their recall of the reducing sugars and starch tests from topic 2.1 to recognise that this is a qualitative test that begins with the sample being in solution. The students will learn that the addition of sodium hydroxide and then copper sulphate will result in a colour change from light blue to lilac if a protein is present.
The next part of the lesson uses exam-style questions with displayed mark schemes, understanding checks and quick quiz competitions to engage and motivate the students whilst they assess their understanding of this topic. The following concepts are tested during this lesson:
- The general structure of an amino acid
- The formation of dipeptides and polypeptides through condensation reactions
- The primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a protein
- Biological examples of proteins and their specific actions (e.g. antibodies, enzymes, peptide hormones)
Moving forwards, the lesson describes the key steps in the emulsion test for lipids, and states the positive result for this test. There is a focus on the need to mix the sample with ethanol, which is a distinctive difference to the tests for reducing sugars and starch and proteins.
The remainder of the lesson uses exam-style questions with mark schemes embedded in the PowerPoint, understanding checks, guided discussion points and quick quiz competitions to challenge the following specification points:
- The structure of a triglyceride
- The relationship between triglyceride property and function
- The hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the phospholipid
- The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane
Cholesterol is also introduced so that the students are prepared for this molecule when it is met in topic 4 (cell membranes)
This is an extensive lesson and it is estimated that it will take in excess of 2 hours of allocated teaching time to cover the detail and the different tasks
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