This lesson describes the synthesis and breakdown of disaccharides by the formation or breakage of glycosidic bonds during condensation and hydrolysis reactions. The PowerPoint and accompanying question sheet have been designed to cover specification points 2.2 © & (d) of the CIE International A-level Biology course and also considers how these glycosidic bonds have to be broken in the non-reducing sugar test
The first section of the lesson focuses on a prefix and a suffix so that the students can recall that the names of the common disaccharides end in -ose. In line with this, a quick quiz round is used to introduce maltose, sucrose and lactose before students are challenged on their prior knowledge of the structure of alpha glucose and then guided to draw maltose. Students are then given the opportunity to study the displayed formula of galactose, fructose, deoxyribose and ribose before being shown sucrose and lactose and being challenged to recognise the monosaccharides involved in the synthesis of each one. Time is taken to demonstrate how their knowledge of these disaccharides will be important in later topics such as extracellular enzymes, translocation in the phloem and the Lac Operon in the control of gene expression. The next task involves two exam-style questions where students have to demonstrate and apply their newly acquired knowledge by answering questions about two unfamiliar disaccharides. The final section of the lesson looks at the test for a non-reducing sugar like sucrose and the need to begin with the breaking of the glycosidic bond to “free up” the reducing sugars
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