This lesson describes how the products of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis are used by plants, animals and other organisms. The engaging and detailed PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been primarily designed to cover point 5.8 (ii) of the Pearson Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters Nuffield) specification concerning the uses of GP and GALP but as the lesson makes continual references to biological molecules, it can act as a revision tool for a lot of the content of topic 1 and 2.
The previous lesson described the light-independent reactions and this lesson builds on that understanding to demonstrate how the intermediates of the cycle, GP and GALP, are used. The start of the lesson challenges the students to identify two errors in a diagram of the cycle so that they can recall that most of the GALP molecules are used in the regeneration of ribulose bisphosphate. A quiz version of Pointless runs throughout the lesson and this is used to challenge the students to recall a biological molecule from its description. Once each molecule has been revealed, time is taken to go through the details of the formation and synthesis of this molecule from GALP or from GP in the case of fatty and amino acids. The following molecules are considered in detail during this lesson:
- glucose (and fructose and galactose)
- sucrose
- starch and cellulose
- glycerol and fatty acids
- amino acids
- nucleic acids
A range of activities are used to challenge their prior knowledge of these molecules and mark schemes are always displayed for the exam-style questions to allow the students to assess their understanding.
As detailed above, this lesson has been specifically written to tie in with the earlier lessons in this topic on the structure of the chloroplast and the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis
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The 4 lesson PowerPoints included in this bundle are highly detailed and along with their accompanying resources, they have been designed to engage and motivate the students whilst the Pearson Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters Nuffield) specification points concerning photosynthesis are covered. These specification points are 5.5, 5.7, 5.8 (i) & (ii) and 5.9 and these state that students should: * Understand the overall reaction of photosynthesis as requiring energy from light to split apart the strong bonds in water molecules, storing the hydrogen in a fuel (glucose) by combining it with carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere. * Understand the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis including how light energy is trapped by exciting electrons in chlorophyll and the role of these electrons in generating ATP, reducing NADP in photophosphorylation and producing oxygen through photolysis of water * Understand the light-independent reactions as reduction of carbon dioxide using the products of the light-dependent reactions (carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle, the role of GP, GALP, RuBP and RUBISCO). * Know that the products are simple sugars that are used by plants, animals and other organisms in respiration and the synthesis of new biological molecules (polysaccharides, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids). * Understand the structure of chloroplasts in relation to their role in photosynthesis. If you would like to sample the quality of these lessons, then please download the light-independent reactions lesson as this has been shared for free
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