This fully-resourced lesson describes the different effects that gene mutations can have on the amino acid sequence of a protein. The engaging and detailed PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been designed to cover points 1.4 (viii) & (ix) as detailed in the Edexcel A-level Biology B specification and includes substitutions, deletions and insertions and considers a real life example in sickle cell anaemia.
In order to understand how a change in the base sequence can affect the order of the amino acids, students must be confident in their understanding and application of protein synthesis which was covered earlier in this topic. Therefore, the start of the lesson focuses on transcription and translation and students are guided through the use of the codon table to identify amino acids. Moving forwards, a task called known as THE WALL is used to introduce to the names of three types of gene mutation whilst challenging the students to recognise three terms which are associated with the genetic code. The main focus of the lesson is substitutions and how these mutations may or may not cause a change to the amino acid sequence. The students are challenged to use their knowledge of the degenerate nature of the genetic code to explain how a silent mutation can result. Students will learn that a substitution is responsible for the new allele that causes sickle cell anaemia and they are tested on their understanding through an exam-style question. As with all of the questions, a mark scheme is included in the PowerPoint which can be displayed to allow the students to assess their understanding.
The rest of the lesson looks at base deletions and base insertions and students are introduced to the idea of a frameshift mutation. One particular task challenges the students to evaluate the statement that base deletions have a bigger impact on primary structure than base substitutions. This is a differentiated task and they have to compare the fact that the reading frame is shifted by a deletion against the change in a single base by a substitution
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Topic 1: Biological molecules (Edexcel A-level Biology B)
The biological molecules topic is incredibly important, not just because it is found at the start of the course, but also because of its detailed content which must be well understood to promote success with the other 9 Edexcel A-level Biology B topics. Many hours of intricate planning has gone into the design of all of the 19 lessons that are included in this bundle to ensure that the content is covered in detail, understanding is constantly checked and misconceptions addressed and that engagement is high. This is achieved through the wide variety of tasks in the PowerPoints and accompanying worksheets which include exam-style questions with clear answers, discussion points, differentiated tasks and quick quiz competitions. The following specification points are covered by the lessons within this bundle: * The differences between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides * The structure of glucose and ribose * The formation of disaccharides and polysaccharides from monosaccharides * The structure of starch, glycogen and cellulose * The synthesis of a triglyceride * The differences between saturated and unsaturated lipids * The relationship between the structure of lipids and their roles * The structure and properties of phospholipids * The structure of an amino acid * The formation of polypeptides and proteins * The role of ionic, hydrogen and disulphide bonding in proteins * The levels of protein structure * The structure of collagen and haemoglobin * The structure of DNA * The semi-conservative replication of DNA * A gene is a sequence of bases on DNA that codes for an amino acid sequence * The structure of mRNA * The structure of tRNA * The process of transcription * The process of translation * Base deletions, insertions and substitutions as gene mutations * The effect of point mutations on amino acid sequences * The structure of enzymes as globular proteins * The concept of specificity and the induced-fit hypothesis * Enzymes are catalysts that reduce activation energy * Understand how temperature affects enzyme activity * Enzymes catalyse a wide range of intracellular reactions as well as extracellular ones * The role of inorganic ions in plants * The importance of water for living organisms Due to the detail included in these lessons, it is estimated that it will take in excess of 2 months of allocated A-level teaching time to complete. If you would like to see the quality of the lessons then download the monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, glucose and ribose, triglycerides, structure of DNA and transcription lessons as these have been uploaded for free.
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Topic 1.4: DNA and protein synthesis (Edexcel A-level Biology B)
This bundle of 6 fully-resourced lessons have been designed to cover the content as detailed in topic 1.4 of the Edexcel A-level Biology B specification. The specification points in this DNA and protein synthesis topic which are covered by the lessons are as follows: * The structure of DNA * The semi-conservative replication of DNA * A gene is a sequence of bases on DNA that codes for an amino acid sequence * The structure of mRNA * The structure of tRNA * The process of transcription * The process of translation * Base deletions, insertions and substitutions as gene mutations * The effect of point mutations on amino acid sequences The engaging PowerPoint lessons and accompanying resources contain a wide range of activities and tasks that include exam-style questions with displayed mark schemes, quick quiz competitions, useful hints and discussion periods. If you would like to see the quality of the lessons then download the structure of DNA and transcription lessons as these have been uploaded for free.
£7.00
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