Moya is a member of a very successful Irish band called Clannad (See separate notes). In 2000 she published her autobiography called ’ The Other Side of the Rainbow’ where she re-evaluates her life. Moya in 2003 became Goodwill ambassador to Christian Blind Mission (CBM). Her first trip was to Congo-Kinshasa with 5 others. Called off due to civil unrest. In 2003 travelled to Rwanda. In 2005 returned to Congo In 2007 visited Brazil and then travelled to Belize. In 2008 travelled to Tanzania. Performed concerts with other CBM Goodwill Ambassadors from Europe. Moya performs various concerts in aid of charities and groups that work to rehabilitate those affected by drug addiction and alcohol dependency. She also practices her Christian faith with her family in Dun Laoghaire. The church reaches out to young people affected by drugs and alcohol abuse. Source Wikipedia

Robin is the best selling award winning Christian author of over 100 books. Her books include the Christy MIller and Sierra Jensen series for ten girls plus the Glenbrooke series and Sisterchicks series. In 2007 she received the Christy award for her novel* Sisterchicks in Gondolas.* Her Timelesss Stories are now available in Print, Audio, Ebook and Downloads.

Hidden Figures: The story of the African-American Women Who Helped Win the Space Race is the true story of how 3 black African-American (A-A) women helped NASA win the Space Race to the Moon. It was adapted as a biographical film of the same name and released in 2016 . It is a film and not a documentary. It looked at the lives of three black (A-A) women who made major contributions to the orbital mission of the moon by John Glenn during the space race. Wonderful, feel-good drama about the black female engineers and mathematicians who worked behind the scenes at a segregated NASA during the tense and ground breaking 1960s space race. Daily Mail- weekend Segregation was made obvious. Jim Crow laws meant A-A women had to have separate dining room and bathroom facilities Katherine’s boss eventually became curious about her ‘absences’ - eventually he ’ ceremonially’ pulled down the ‘Whites only’ sign. The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1958 became the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). All three ladies started work at NACA, Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. Katherine Johnson (1918-2020), A-A, started to work for NACA in 1953. She was a human calculator - she was simply brilliant at mathematics. Her mental maths calculations were phenomenal. The new IBM computers had been programed with the orbital equations to control the trajectory of the capsule in Glenn’s Friendship 7 mission, but were prone to errors! Before his flight, as part of the preflight checklist,Glenn said 'Get that girl (Katherine 0 If she says they’re good then I’m ready to go. He wanted human confirmation that the figures were correct. Katherine was handed the data. She confirmed the calculations by running the numbers through by hand on her desktop mechanical calculating machine. Numbers confirmed Glenn had a successful mission, Dorothy Vaughan (1910-2008), A-A ,started work at NACA in 1943. She was a mathematician and human calculator. She eventually became the first African=American to supervise a group of A-A staff at NASA’s Research Center in Hampton. She was in charge of the West Area Computers. She prepared for the the introduction of the IBM machine computers by teaching first herself and then her staff the programming language of Fortran. Mary Jackson (nee Winston)(1921-2005), A-A, was a mathematician and aerospace engineer. She started as a human computer at N A C A in 1951. Kazimierz Czarnecki, her boss, encouraged her to qualify as an engineer but she needed a degree. To do this she had to attend a night program at an all white school- Hampton High. After completing the course in 1958 she was promoted to aerospace engineer - the first black female NASA engineer. By 1979 she was the senior engineer. She retrained for Equal Opportunities . Retired from NASA 1985. All 3 of them were reward numerous awards and honors. In 2020 two had a satellite named after them.

Saint Alban was the first British Christian martyr. He lived in Verulamium, today that is Saint Albans In Hertford shire. He took a Christian priest into his home. The priest converted him to Christianity in the short time he stayed with him. St. Alban, a Roman soldier, then disguised himself as the priest, so the priest could escape. St. Alban was beheaded for his new beliefs. The stories of St. Alban are a mixture of fact and legend. St. Alban is a saint of the undivided church, a saint for all Christians. His welcome to a persecuted stranger was a powerful example of courage, compassion and hospitality. During my research I found that Henritta Elizabeth Marshall wrote story about St. Alban this I have included.

I have put together:- Full list if competitors and their events Time standards for Paris Short Phrase and Vocabulary list Poetry aid Swimming ‘comic’ strip 6 Profiles from Wikipedia 2 Word searches (answers provided) 12 clip art pictures There should be something useful to use.

BladeBUG will do the maintenance on the wind turbines at sea. The vision of Chris Cieslak, BladeBUGs founder, is to keep all humans on shore. An autonomous vessel would leave port carrying the BladeBUG. A drone would be sent to make an initial inspection from the air. On its return to the boat it would collect a BladeBUG robot and ferry it to the work area. Source 39 ways to save the Planet

Solar power is now the cheapest source of electricity in history. Solar’s success has come from the plummeting cost of making the panels. The next task is to improve the efficiency of the solar cells. Henry Snaith, a physics and serial winner of scientific awards, and the company he has founded, are dedicated to improving the efficiency of the solar cells. His idea is to combine silicon with another material that can harness energy from the blue end of the spectrum so you get more clean , green electricity from each panel. Perovskite is a natural occurring mineral - calcium titanium oxide. It is a semiconductor, with a crystalline chemical structure, which can be made in the lab with much less energy than required to make panel grade silicon. The perovskite silicon sandwich has already achieved 29% efficiency, the theoretical maximum is 45%. Snaith is aware that making perovskite panels stable is critical. Durability also need to be proved. It can be made in very thin layers and used on flexible materials or even glass that still lets through the light. Solar energy is already projected to grow 14 fold and should deliver a 12% cut in our total carbon emissions using existing silicon cells by 2050. With perovskite it could rise to 18% or higher with greater efficiency. The future is bright Sources Wikipedia 39 Ways to save the Planet by Tom Heap

William Wilberforce, although small in stature (5ft. 3 in,) and suffering from poor health, was the GIANT against the Slave Trade and Slavery. Whilst still a student at Cambridge he paid the 'customary ’ amount of £8,000 ( a fortune in those days) to become the member of Parliament for Kingston on Hull, his home town. Early on he became an evangelical Christian and wondered whether to stay a MP. John Newman, his mentor, persuaded him to ‘serve God where he was’. In his late 30’s he married Barbara Spooner and they had 6 children over a 10 year period. Barbara nursed William after he resigned from his parliamentary seat, in 1824 . For 50 years he fought,supported by his friends, for the banning of the slave trade and slavery. Persistence finally paid off. His bills originally were turned down or ‘watered down’ so they were of little effect. It was only on his death bed did he succeed. In 1833 he wrote his last petition. The Abolition of Slavery Bill had its third and final reading, on 26th July 1833, after three months of debate. William was immediately told and he died three days later. I have included two brief history, some gap work and a word search (answers given).

The two sisters were inspired by a school lesson about people who changed the world- Nelson Mandela and Martin Luther King. They had already experienced swimming in a bay in Bali and seeing plastic bottles, bags and bits of plastic floating on the water. They went home and did some research. Their research revealed that many countries had banned plastic bags. Why not Bali? They would try to solve the plastic pollution problem on the island by persuading people to stop littering… With 6 friends they started a campaign to ban paper bags… They named it** Bye Bye Plastic Bags** The first thing they did was to set up an online petition asking the governor of the island to support the ban. On day one they had 6, 000 signatures. Over the next few months this rose to 77,000. They asked the airport manager to help and they gained another 10,000. By this time their village of Deso Perenon had reduced plastic bag usage by 60%. The governor had still not responded. They learned, after a visit to the National Gandhi Museum, he had called a strike to force change. They also decided to so something similar-publicly fast from sunrise to sunset - he finally responded. After meeting them he signed an agreement to work towards a plastic-bag free Bali. They now involved businesses -shops, hotels and restaurants. In June 2015 the government announced that by 2018 plastic bags would be band… In 2015 the sisters w ere invited yo give a TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) talk in London. By January 2018 Bali failed to reach target so the government declared a Garbage Emergency -officials 700 cleaners, with 35 trucks, to clear 100 tonnes of debris each day. In December the government announced single-use plastics would be banned from the island from July 2019. The sisters won many awards. Today Bye Bye Plastic Bags is a global youth movement in 45 countries. Sources Wikipedia Earth Heroes by Lily Dyu and Amy Blackwell

Protecting the world’s forests is crucial for the climate. Forests absorb vast amounts of carbon dioxide and can be a source of greenhouse gas emissions when destroyed or damaged. Logging in deforestation refers to the practice of cutting down trees for commercial purposes mainly the timber industry. The impact of deforestation, if not controlled, can be devastating. On average for every tonne of wood extracted 6 tonnes (1:6) are damaged or destroyed. It can rise to 1:20. There are a number of ways of stopping it being so devastating. a logger could make a more accurate assessment of tree’s quality -a’plunge cut’. A chainsaw is driven into the base of the trunk to reveal if it is hollow without killing it. n be dropped where it will do least damage to its neighbour. instead of a wide skidway leaving a trail of destruction it can be narrow and sensitive to other trees OR a ‘logfisher’ -an adapted crane with long cables could ‘fish’ the timber out with less skidding logging roads could be reduced to 15 metres instead of 30 metres Combine all these habits and more trees will be left standing to hold more carbon and potentially grow on to be of valuable to the logger (Chapter 11 - Good Logging- 39 Ways to save the Planet by Tom Heap)

We have been accustomed to seeing roofs covered in solar panels( using the rays of the sun) to heat people’s homes. We have seen them built on large areas of land ( car park size). These are small scale compared with Floating Solar- solar panels on a body of water as large as a reservoir or lake. Across the world, especially in China, these have been developed. See the long lists of advantages:- 1.no land occupancy 2. water conservation and quality 3. increased panel efficiency 4. tracking 5. environmental control 6. using areas already exploited by human activity 7. using power plants Disadvantages anchorage maintenance new technology required significant increased corrosion resistance waves (open sea) (Read detail about each) This is one of the major ways forward to counter Climate Change Sources Wikipedia 39 Ways to Save the Planet by Tom Heap

I have put together phrases and vocabularies to encourage children) to write about the up and coming major Summer Olympic Sports in Paris, France. I have included :- Great Britain at the 2024 Summer Olympics Diary idea The day of the event Dream and an example Poetry Aid 2 versions - differentiated -plus 2 liners Sports Words Thesaurus of useful words Thesaurus relating to Feelings Positive and negative thoughts -from the competitor & spectator’s point of view Record breaker ideas plus eg. Usain Bolt Parade of Champions voc. 4 blank comic strips Clip Art Plus 5 word searches

Isatou initiated a recycling project called One Plastic Bag in Gambia. She noticed that the main streets of N’jau in Gambia were plagued with high piles of trash consisting of all forms from discarded plastics , tins, tyres, house waste and especially plastic bags were surrounded with puddles of water and malaria infected mosquitoes. Isatou brought to life the idea of recycling plastic bags to make purses that could be sold for money. Plastic bags were collected, dried out and then torn into small yam like threads called ‘plam’. These threads would be weaved together to make small hand held bags, It took 10 plastic bags to make a bag. Initially they were ridiculed but it worked. The money generated meant women living in poverty were now able to take care of their families. N’jau Recycling and Income Generation Group (NRIGG) was born. Today they recycle other waste to make jewelry, beads, armchairs, stools, even compost! Today Isatou works with more than 11,000 people and NRIGG is based in 4 separate communities across The Gambia She has travelled the world to share her story. Her village is now clean and tidy. Sources Wikipedia Earth Heroes by Lily Dyu and Amy Blackwell

Observe and interact Catch and store energy Obtain a yield Apply self regulation and accept feedback Use and value renewable resources and services Produce no waste Design from patterns to details Integrate rather than separate Use small and slow solutions Use and value diversity Use edges and value the marginal Creatively use and respond to change Perrine and Charles Herve-Gruyer in 2003 bought a small farm in a village called Hellouin, in France. They were determined to start with goals of self-sufficiency and wanting to grow healthy organic food without the use of chemicals or machinery. Few people had heard of organic farming. This they tried for 5 years but the yield did not make enough money to support the family. An email in 2008 ,about Permaculture, from a friend, changed everything. In the wild twice as much biomass , or plant material, grows naturally compared to farmland without the use of machinery or fossil fuels. It involves observing and learning from nature -how it makes new soil, protects and saves its water resources and how it adapts to climate. Perrine went on a Permaculture course in the UK that winter. They introduced vegetable beds which they did not dig but covered in mulch -plant cuttings and dead leaves. This protected the soil from drying out and made new soil as it rotted down. The result was more worms , fewer slugs and the vegetables grew better. They planted different crops close together, fitting them four times closer then before. They planted an edible forest with mushrooms, berries, fruit bushes and nut trees. They dug ponds, with island gardens in the middle, so the water reached the plants through the ground- no more watering the crops with hoses or watering cans. In their polytunnels they kept hens which eat the unwanted scraps slugs and snails, produced eggs and fertilized in the form of droppings. The French National Institute of Agricultural Research began a scientific research. After 10 years their 6,500 square farm had been transformed into an enormous garden with crops (800 varieties of vegetables, fruit and herbs) , wild flowers, singing birds, ducks, frogs and insects. The Herve-Gruyer family wanted to create something beautiful and the Earth gave back back to them in abundance. The farm, using the Permaculture ideals, produces 10 times more than a normal farm of a similar size. Sources Wikipedia Earth Heroes Lily Dyu and Amy Blackwell

Felix is a German environmentalist and founder of the international tree planting and environmental advocacy organization Plant-for-the -Planet. Aged just 9 he was inspired by Wangari Maathai, from Kenya, who inspired a group of women to plant 30 million trees . Aged 9 he gave his first presentation to his class. His classmates clapped and cheered when he planted his first tree. News of the project spread and in April 2007 with help from his family he launched his children’s tree planting campaign. Aged 10 spoke in the European Parliament. In October 2008, with his sister Franziska and Gregory they held a special week-end. 100 children attended to train to be Climate Justice Ambassadors. After just 3 years the initiative resulted in 1,000,000 trees being planted… Met Wangari at UN meeting in New York. They combined efforts. By February 2011 over 12 billion trees planted. 2012 launched Die Gute Schokolade - Change Chocolate bar. The chocolate is Fair Trade and carbon neutral. For every 5 bars bought a tree is planted in Mexico (every 15 seconds a tree is planted). Aged 13 attended the UN General Assembly. Today Felix leads an organisation with 130 employees. Their target is 3,000,000,000, 000 trees ( 3 trillion) by 2030. His/their target is to help slow down climate change. Sources Wikipedia Earth Heroes by Lily Dyu and Amy Blackwell

Marina Siva and Chico Mendes ( murdered in 1988) are/were activists against the deforestation of the trees in the Amazon forest - Amazonia - the largest remaining rainforest in the world. Amazonia is often called the lungs of the planet- the trees absorb much of the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere -without them climate change would be much more severe. Through her friendship with Chico she saw how her development of region was damaging her beloved rainforest. After university she got a job working with Chico. They set up a rubber tapper’s union. They tried to create protected areas of forest for people made their living by extracting rubber, nuts and medicinal plants from the forest.it would allow development of the rainforest in a sustainable way. Marina and Chico would hold empates (stand offs) to prevent the building of ranches and to protect thousands of acres of rainforests. In 1988 she decided to stand as a local politician and was elected as a a city councilor in Rio Branco. In the same year Chico, aged 44, was murdered by the son of a cattle rancher, In 1991 first extractive reserve was created in the state of Acre. In 1994 elected as a senator to represent her state in the national government In 1996 won the Goldman award - the world’s top environment award. In 2003 she became Environment Minister for Brazil. Between 2004-7 she worked to crack down on illegal logging. She made powerful enemies but deforestation of the Amazon reduced to 60%. In 2007 she was chosen as a ’ Champion of the Earth’ by the United Nations Environment Programme. 2008 resigned post - felt her powers were gradually being taken away. g Since then she has been the most successful Green politician. Stood unsuccessfully to be president 3 times. ‘This courageous and principled woman has no intention of ever giving up.’ Lily Dyu & Amt Blackwell Sources Wikipedia Earth Heroes Lily Dyu & Amy Blackwell

14 year old boy William from Malawi, with very little education picked up a library book Using Energy. He found a picture of a windmill and read the instructions on how to make electricty by using the wind . He already had collected together lots of junk .His friends thought he was ‘dirty’. His mother was horrified that he would hoard scrap in his bedroom. By following the instructions in a library book, using some of his junk and his friend Gilbert buying the extra pieces needed, he created a working windmill. His friends were impressed. The finished mill was nearly 3 metres wide. A 5 metre wooden tower was built to hold the windmill. The spinning windmill worked. His former primary teacher asked him to run a science club for the students. An education official, Dr. Hartford Mchazime, was impressed when he saw the mill when he visited the school. He helped William return to school. The news of the boy and his windmill spread across Malawi. Internet coverage followed. He was invited to join a TED conference in Arusha, Tanzania for young innovators. Ted Rielly paid for his education for the next 7 years. He studied at Dartmouth College in the USA. His dream to help his family and others has been turned into a film. He gave his family security against hunger. He has recently created online teaching material to help other developing countries find ways to solve problems for their communities. Sources Wikipedia Earth Heroesby Lily Dyu and Amy Blackwell

Yin, aged 20, living on the edge of the** Mu Us Desert*, in northern China, decided, following being caught in a sandstorm, to try to reclaim the lost land taken by the desert. It was 1986. She had moved there the previous year to live with her husband, Bai Wanxiang. It was an arranged marriage. Her father’s best friend was dying and he agreed for her to marry his son. , She left behind her village Jinber Tang, which had green fields and wild flowers, for a dwelling in the desert, dug out of a slope, half buried in sand. Each day they had to shovel the sand from their front door to get outside. Climate change was making things worse. She started to plant trees when he left for work to overcome her loneliness. She was delighted they survived the winter. Bai sold his goat for 600 saplings but only 10 survived. They knew nothing about growing trees. They bought more trees and learned that Mongolian pine grew better in the desert. She learned to plant shrubs which held water before planting trees. She planted willows and lost them! Bai learned that the government had given the village 500, 000 saplings. The villagers were not interested. They had all of them. It was a round trip lasting 6 hours and took 20 days to collect all of them. It took months to plant them. Half of them survived thanks to the rain and grew into strong trees… They named them Yin’s Forest. As the forest grew neighbours, who originally laughed, started to plant saplings to control the sand… TV reporters came to see the forest, followed by government officials. Forest stratification has grown from 5.05 % in 1977 to 12.4 in 2012. Many attribute this feat to Yin. Nearly 40 years on Yin’s Forest is nolonger a desert but a flourishing village full of colour, fruit and other different variations of wildlife. Yin is now both a mother and grandmother but still continues to plant saplings . The trees she has planted feel like her children. She has been nominated by the Chinese Government for a Noble Prize. In 2020 her afforestation efforts were recognized by the Chinese Communist Party. Sources Wikipedia **Earth Heroes ** by Lily Dyu and Amy Blackwell

Doug’s love for wolves began when he was a child. He read books about them and puzzled why humans could wipe out an entire animal species. He had to wait until he was 18 to take a volunteer position to help raise wolf pups in Indiana. He went to university to study biology and spent his summers working with wolves. He finished his studies in 1994 and joined the Yellowstone Wolf Project, becoming project leader in 1997.killed In 1995, almost 60 years after the last native wolves were killed, 14 wolves from Canada were released into the park’ Doug until he retired in 2024, watched the positive influence the reintroduction of wolves had on the ecosystem of the park. The number of elk fell in the park - which they had expected. The wolves changed the eat habits of the elks- they now now grazed and browsed instead of staying in one place. With less elks the land had a chance to recover. Trees which had been stunted in their growth now grew into dense forests. The berries and the insects from the trees brought back the birds Beavers flourished, their dams created deep pools and caused the rivers to slow down and meander The new trees stabilised the riverbanks The wolves had changed the landscape itself. Sources Wikipedia Earth Heroes by Lily Dyu and Amy Blackwell

Eric Liddell (1902-1947), an outstanding Olympic athlete over 100/200/400m, is remembered for refusing to race on a Sunday at the 1924 Olympic Games because of his Christian beliefs. He was born in China to his Scottish missionary parents the Rev and Mrs James Dunlop Liddell. He was educated at Eltham College, Blackheath (1908-1920). Through time it has been forgotten that he was also a missionary in China for 18 years- his life was cut short by an inoperable brain tumour which he suffered while interned at the Chines Weishein camp.