40 mark SDME assessment in the form of a Powerpoint with associated resources Background: Why does Holderness suffer from severe coastal erosion? What are the advantages and disadvantages of halting erosion? Options: Why has hard engineering used to defend Hornsea? Why is soft engineering gaining popularity? Decision: Do nothing, retreat the line, hold the line or advance the line

Powerpoint covering spit formation, using Spurn as a Case Study Starter: simple (revision) sorting activity to sequence weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition Main activities:YouTube videos and a mystery activity to find out how Spurn Head has formed. Pupils use mystery clues to complete and annotate a base map of southern Holderness and the Humber Estuary. Mini-plenary to recognise associated landforms in aerial photos Second part uses bespoke, high tech (:D) series of diagrams (an animation if you click your mouse quickly enough!) which show why the point of the spit hooks (the role of secondary winds and wave refraction) Final part gets pupils to sketch and annotate diagrams of Marram and Glasswort to show how dune and salt marsh plants and habitats are interdependent. Differentiated question... 1-3: Describe how salt marshes and sand dunes are held in position by plants 4-6: Why are salt marsh and sand dune environments natural sea defences? 7-9: What could happen to the Humber Estuary if the vegetation at Spurn Head is not protected? Plenary: the 250 year cycle of spit formation and destruction at the mouth of the Humber Estuary

Powerpoint looking at erosion and transportation along Holderness Starter: the properties of powerful waves, including fetch Main activities: map work to measure the fetch from Holderness to various coasts of the North Sea. Then radar diagrams are introduced, using a wind rose as an example followed by the pupils constructing a radar to show dominant wave patterns. Then the link between the UK's SW prevailing wind and how it causes NNE dominant waves. Differentiated question... 1-3: What makes a sea wave powerful? 4-6: Explain why North Sea waves can be powerful and damaging 7-9: Refer to data which suggests that Holderness is threatened by powerful waves Second part gets pupils to draw and label diagrams to compare the features of constructive and destructive waves. They are then asked to assess photos of Holderness to decide which type of wave is affecting that coastline. Third part looks at the properties of boulder clay and why that soft geology is a problem. Differentiated question: 1-3: Why are the caravan owners worried about the erosion of the cliffs at Hornsea? 4-6: Explain why erosion of the boulder clay is a problem for Holderness 7-9: Explain why the erosion of boulder clay is an economic problem for Holderness businesses Plenary: pupils are asked to show how they think a typical wave moves, then are shown an animation that describes the circular motion of real wave patterns

Powerpoint covering headlands and bays along the destructive Holderness coast Starter: use maps to locate Flamborough Head Main activities: sketch bird's eye view diagrams showing before and after erosion has affected a discordant coastline. Followed by a differentiated question: 1-3: How do headlands and bays form? 4-6: What role have chalk and boulder clay played in the formation of Flamborough Head? 7-9: What is wave refraction and how has it affected the Flamborough landscape? Second part gets pupils to annotate a diagram to show the sequence of cave-arch-stack formation using a series of mixed-up pieces of info (so can be done as a card sort or a mystery). Class then feeds back verbally by responding to a series of images and questions Third part: pupils work together to find advantages and disadvantages of headlands and bays using clues from a large scale OS map Plenary: pupils recap learning by describing and explaining features seen in a photo of the chalk at Flamborough

Powerpoint introducing Holderness as a Case Study for coastal processes Starter: use maps to locate Holderness Main activities: comparison of the properties of chalk (through a memorisation activity and differentiated question) and boulder clay (pupils learn one fact then swap info to answer... What is boulder clay? Where did it come from? How did it get to Yorkshire? What has it got to do with our lesson about coastal landscapes? Second part gets pupils to draw a sketch map of Holderness then to annotate features that could be lost if erosion continues (using info researched from the internet) Differentiated question: 1-3: Why are there weaknesses found in chalk? 4-6: Why is Flamborough Head prone to erosion? 7-9: What are the geological reasons for the faults found in the chalk at Flamborough Head? Plenary shows the wide range of origins for sediment found along Holderness

Powerpoint looking at the formation of meanders and oxbow lakes in the Middle Stage of the River Tay Starter: sketch and match definitions of four types of transportation Main activities: step-by-step slides taking pupils through the formation of meanders and oxbow lakes. Each pupil is given a fact about the processes involved. Sketches are made of meanders in different stages then pupils use their clues to teach the rest of the class about what is happening so they can label their diagrams. Also includes some photo analysis of river valleys in the real world Second part gets pupils to draw and label a cross-section of an asymmetrical meander using width, depth and velocity data Differentiated question: 1-3: Describe how a river channel changes from one side of a meander to the other; 4-6: Explain how a meander can become an oxbow lake over time; 7-9: Explain how meanders and oxbow lakes can be both useful and cause problems for humans Plenary: pupils recap learning by describing and explaining features seen in a series of satellite photos showing a meander turning into an oxbow over time

Powerpoint looking at the skill of constructing cross-sections from contour lines Starter: recap of the formation of v-shaped valleys (including video link) Main activities: step-by-step slides taking pupils through how to construct a labelled cross-section of the Upper Stage of the River Tay Analysis of a photo of the Middle Stage of the River Tay to compare human and physical features and then to compare those with a photo of the Upper Stage Pupils then construct their own cross-section of the Middle Stage Differentiated questions comparing the cross-sections of the three river stages (the Upper Stage is already completed for them) Plenary: pupils have to look for clues in photos of a completely different river (the Wisla in Poland) to decide in which stages they were taken

Powerpoint looking at the Upper Stage of the River Tay Starter: Pupils use maps to discuss the links between the location of Britain’s rivers, patterns of landscape and patterns of precipitation Main activities: video link introducing the Upper Stage of the Tay Carousel of activities about erosion types (memorisation), forestry (exam-style questions), features of upland valleys (SPAG), hill sheep (exam-style question), waterfalls (use mystery clues to annotate sequence of diagrams) and HEP (exam-style questions) Second lesson used for class discussions to recap learning using slides and videos Class debate on the sustainability of forestry, sheep farming and HEP in the Tay Valley Differentiated questions about the features found in the Upper Stage Plenary: simple living graph of the deforestation of Britain over the past 1,000 years Enough for two lessons

First Powerpoint in a series looking at the River Tay (Britain's largest river by discharge) Starter: A comparison of the Tay with the Severn and the Thames and using maps to locate the Tay Main activities: sketch of a typical river basin, then annotate to show main features (eg tributary, confluence, source, mouth) Graphing activity to construct the long profile of the Tay (including locating the three stages of the river) Worksheet and mystery clues comparing the Upper and Lower Stages of the Tay with Bradshaw's River Model Differentiated questions comparing the Upper and Lower Stages of the Tay Valley Plenary: video link recapping the long profile of a river

Powerpoint looking at the effect of weathering on the UK's landscapes Starter: Pupils discuss what might have damaged various materials shown in photos Main activities: video links, discussion and annotation of diagrams to show sequence of freeze-thaw (frost shatter) and exfoliation (onion skin) weathering Slides about chemical and biological weathering (for note taking) Differentiated questions to explain how weathering has affected the chalk landscape of The Seven Sisters (East Sussex, Southern England) Plenary: video links recapping the four types of weathering covered in the lesson

Elements in the physical environment Role of development processes Food production and consumption Polar and tropical monsoon climates Climate change and agriculture Soils Food security Colour coded: green statistics; yellow definitions; blue dates

Health impacts of global environmental change Prospects for global population change Population revised estimates Colour coded: green statistics; yellow definitions; blue dates

Population ecology + growth dynamics Population ecology applied to the human population The balance between population + resources Carrying capacity + ecological footprint Positive + negative feedback mechanisms Challenges driven by human population growth Malthus and Boserup Colour coded: green statistics; yellow definitions; blue dates

Environment, health and well-being Economic and social development Environmental variables + their links to disease Malaria Heart disease The role of the World Health Organisation The role of other international organisations Colour coded: green statistics; yellow definitions; blue dates

Population change Models of natural population change- the demographic transition model Britain’s demographic transition Demographic transition model applied to countries with contrasting physical + human settings Population structure Migration European migrant crisis 2015 Colour coded: green statistics; yellow definitions; blue dates

Case study of a country experiencing specific patterns of overall population change: Japan- decline + ageing Case study of a specified local area: place, health and well-being- Hook, Hart, Hampshire Colour coded: green statistics; yellow definitions; blue dates

Powerpoint looking at the effect of glaciers on the UK's landscapes Starter: Ben Nevis as a modern day example of a cold British landscape. Differentiated questions about the formation of u-shaped valleys Main activities: step-by-step annotated sketch of Malham's limestone landscape. Powerpoint slides explain how the pavement, dry valleys and the Cove were formed Plenary: looks at how the limestone of Malham became temporarily impervious due to rainwater saturation (and the subsequent short-lived waterfall)

Fragile environments Human activity and sustainability Causes of climate change- natural vs human Recent + prospective impact of climate change in cold environments Colour coded: green statistics; yellow definitions; blue dates

Glacial budgets Ablation and accumulation Warm- and cold-based glaciers Glacial erosion, transportation and deposition Colour coded: green statistics; yellow definitions; blue dates