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Foundations of Rome: Roman Kings Scheme (Dual Coded)
This scheme was designed to cover a large part of the Period Study (Foundations of Rome) for the OCR Ancient History 9-1 GCSE.
The reign of the kings can be complex and difficult to access for students. My students liked these lessons because they are all dual coded to reduce cognitive load - meaning they can be accessed by all.
Appropriate video clips are included throughout, as are pertinent AfL questions and summative exam questions so students can put their learning to the test and hone their exam skills.
Livy’s opinions (and Dionysius’) are examined throughout the lessons and the merits of each king are analysed in relation to all the others.
Thanks for taking a look! These massively helped my students - hopefully they can help yours too.
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Rome 's Wars of Independence: Silvia Arsia, Lars Porsena & Lake Regilius
This lesson is part of a scheme of lessons I created to try and fill a gap in the OCR Ancient History GCSE available resources. I felt like this is quite a complex era in Roman history and the resources that exist are complicated too - leading to cognitive overload for many of my students.
This lesson is completely dual coded and my students loved it because it is clear and succinct. it starts with a couple of video clips recapping Superbus’ reasons for being exiled and it then tells the following three ‘stories’ that Livy outlines in his History of Rome:
The Battle of Silvia Arsia - where Rome’s exiled king Tarquinius Superbus teams up with members of the Latin League to try and regain Rome.
Lars Porsena’s siege of Rome - where Superbus persuades a powerful neighbouring king to try and get him back into power in Rome.
The Battle of Lake Regilius - Superbus’ last hurrah and ultimate failure to regain the Roman throne.
Throughout there are pertinent questions posed to students on screen that they can answer verbally or in written form and are great for AfL - there is also a 10 mark exam question at the end (with sentence starters) on the battle of Lake Regilius (with an accompanying passage from Livy to refer to) so students can apply their learning and hone their exam skills.
Thanks for taking a look!
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Tarquinius Superbus - The disastrous final king of Rome
This lesson is designed to be a succinct and clear lesson that provides enough detail for the Ancient History OCR 9-1 GCSE Foundations of Rome Unit. Including the exam question at the AfL questions - this lesson would ideally run over two hours.
It goes through how Tarquinius Superbus became king and why, what Livy says about him in his History of Rome, and his various disastrous political tyranny and cronyism.
There is also a clear and detailed explanation of Tarquin’s exile and his family tree - complicated issues but made as simple as possible here and easy for all students to access.
The lesson is punctuated by pertinent questions which students can either verbally respond to or write out short explanations. these help to embed the knowledge and I’ve found them pretty useful for AfL.
My students liked these kind of lessons because they’re completely dual coded and as a result it massively reduces cognitive load, allowing pupils to easily access what is otherwise quite complex information.
The lesson contains various useful embedded video clips (hence the larger file size) - a short entertaining video clip detailing the extent to which we can trust Livy as a source and one summarising Tarquin’s reign. There is also a 10 mark OCR exam question at the end with a variety of model answers which students can analyse before attempting their own with the help of sentence starters.
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How did Servius Tullius become king of Rome and what did he do?
This lesson is designed to be a succinct and clear 1 hour lesson that provides enough detail for the Ancient History OCR 9-1 GCSE Foundations of Rome Unit.
It goes through how Servius became king and why, what Livy says about him in his History of Rome, and his various political reforms and building projects. Students are also introduced to what Dionysius of Halicarnassus says about Servius and there is a comparison to Livy’s opinion.
There is also a clear and detailed explanation of Servius’ murder and his family tree - a complicated issue but made as simple as possible here and easy for all students to access.
The lesson is punctuated by pertinent questions which students can either verbally respond to or write out short explanations. these help to embed the knowledge and I’ve found them pretty useful for AfL.
My students liked these kind of lessons because they’re completely dual coded and as a result it massively reduces cognitive load, allowing pupils to easily access what is otherwise quite complex information.
The lesson contains various useful embedded video clips (hence the large file size) - the first ones recap Romulus, Numa, Tullus, Ancus and Priscus’ reforms as kings of Rome - since it is difficult to understand the significance of Servius without looking at the actions of his predecessors. There is also a short entertaining video clip detailing the extent to which we can trust Livy as a source.
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How did Lucius Tarquinius Priscus become king of Rome and how good was he?
This lesson is designed to be a succinct and clear 1 hour lesson that provides enough detail for the Ancient History OCR 9-1 GCSE Foundations of Rome Unit.
It goes through how Priscus was appointed and why, what Livy says about him in his History of Rome, and his religious, military and building reforms / projects.
The lesson is punctuated by pertinent questions which students can either verbally respond to or write out short explanations. these help to embed the knowledge and I’ve found them pretty useful for AfL.
My students liked these kind of lessons because they’re completely dual coded and as a result it massively reduces cognitive load, allowing pupils to easily access what is otherwise quite complex information.
The lesson contains various useful embedded video clips (hence the large file size) - the first ones recap Romulus, Numa, Tullus and Ancus as kings of Rome - since it is difficult to understand the significance of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus without looking at the actions of his predecessors. There is also a short entertaining video clip detailing the extent to which we can trust Livy as a source - plus a more detailed one later on where students can add to their notes.
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The seven kings of Rome: the full story
This booklet is written in such a way that it can act as a teacher’s guide to the main events during the reigns of each king of Rome, or as a student guide. My students found it super useful because it brings what they have learnt about the kings together into an easy to understand, clear narrative.
This is really useful for students to read both before and after they have studied each king individually, as it helps provide context for more detailed work and a useful summary to help embed learning.
As a firm believer that story telling can aid knowledge retention, I created this for my students so that even the weakest can have a mental picture of all seven kings and their successes and failures.
This document was created with OCR Ancient History 9-1 GCSE in mind (Foundations of Rome) but equally could be used by anyone needing a concise and engaging summary of the Roman Regal Period from Romulus through to Tarquinius Superbus.
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Why was Ancus Marcius such a good king of Rome?
This lesson is designed to be a succinct and clear 1 hour lesson that provides enough detail for the Ancient History OCR 9-1 GCSE Foundations of Rome Unit.
It goes through how Ancus was appointed and why, what Livy says about him in his History of Rome, and his religious, military and building reforms / projects.
The lesson is punctuated by pertinent questions which students can either verbally respond to or write out short explanations. these help to embed the knowledge and I’ve found them pretty useful for AfL.
My students liked these kind of lessons because they’re completely dual coded and as a result it massively reduces cognitive load, allowing pupils to easily access what is otherwise quite complex information.
The lesson contains various useful embedded video clips (hence the large file size) - the first ones recap Romulus, Numa and Tullus’ reforms as kings of Rome - since it is difficult to understand the significance of Ancus without looking at the actions of his predecessors. There is also a short entertaining video clip detailing the extent to which we can trust Livy as a source.
![robertsad](https://d2w4qhtqw2dbsq.cloudfront.net/profile_live/3138352/small.jpg)
How much of a villain was Tullus Hostilius, king of Rome?
This lesson is designed to be a succinct and clear 1 hour lesson that provides enough detail for the Ancient History OCR 9-1 GCSE Foundations of Rome Unit.
It goes through how Tullus was appointed and why, what Livy says about him in his History of Rome, and his descent into villainy throughout his reign, looking at his military achievements and religious incompetence too.
The lesson is punctuated by pertinent questions which students can either verbally respond to or write out short explanations. these help to embed the knowledge and I’ve found them pretty useful for AfL.
My students liked these kind of lessons because they’re completely dual coded and as a result it massively reduces cognitive load, allowing pupils to easily access what is otherwise quite complex information.
The lesson contains various useful embedded video clips (hence the large file size) - the first ones recap Romulus and Numa’s reforms as kings of Rome - since it is difficult to understand the significance of Tullus without looking at the actions of his predecessors. The final video clip details the extent to which we can trust Livy as a source.
![robertsad](https://d2w4qhtqw2dbsq.cloudfront.net/profile_live/3138352/small.jpg)
What impact did Numa have as king of Rome?
This lesson is designed to be a succinct and clear 1 hour lesson that provides enough detail for the Ancient History OCR 9-1 GCSE Foundations of Rome Unit.
It goes through how Numa was appointed and why, through his parallels with the Emperor Augustus in Livy’s History of Rome, and his extensive religious and political reforms.
The lesson is punctuated by pertinent questions which students can either verbally respond to or write out short explanations. these help to embed the knowledge and I’ve found them pretty useful for AfL.
My students liked these kind of lessons because they’re completely dual coded and as a result it massively reduces cognitive load, allowing pupils to easily access what is otherwise quite complex information.
The lesson is bookended by two embedded video clips (hence the large file size) - the first one details Romulus’ reforms as king of Rome - since it is difficult to understand the significance of Numa without looking at the actions of his predecessor. The final video clip goes into more detail about various acts Numa undertook in pursuit of making Rome a more pious society.
![robertsad](https://d2w4qhtqw2dbsq.cloudfront.net/profile_live/3138352/small.jpg)
How did Romulus shape and reform early Roman society?
This lesson is designed to be a succinct and clear 1 hour lesson that provides enough detail for the Ancient History OCR 9-1 GCSE Foundations of Rome Unit.
It goes through the four areas Romulus changed Rome:
Military changes
Political changes
Religious changes
Population changes
In between each area of change there is a short explanation question with sentence starters so pupils can embed the knowledge - they are very useful for AfL I have found.
My students liked this lesson because it is dual coded and as a result it massively reduces cognitive load, allowing pupils to easily access what is otherwise quite complex information.
There is a short video clip embedded at the very beginning of the lesson (hence the large file size) telling the story of Romulus and Remus - i.e. how Romulus became king, and there is an embedded clip at the end going into detail about Romulus’ kingship - so students can add more details to their notes.
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Who were Romulus and Remus? What's their story?
This lesson tells what can be a relatively confusing story in a clear, step by step way. It’s dual coded to reduce cognitive load and take students through all the key details from who Ascanius was and why Romulus and Remus were outcast to the differing accounts of Remus’ death.
Short video clips are also included at appropriate places within the powerpoint (hence the large file size) which help to break up the ‘teacher talk’ and add colour to the story.
The final tasks involve storyboard creation and student explanation. My classes were big fans of the simplicity of the presentation and the clarity of the story - it really helped them retain all the information. There are a few quick quizzes included which are great for AFL.
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What was Italy like before Aeneas and Romulus in 1000 BCE?
Any students trying to study the origins of Rome are met with the difficulty of marrying mythology and archaeology. The mythology of Aeneas and Romulus and Remus often takes precedent, leaving students without any contextual knowledge about what Italy was actually like at the time.
This lesson helped my students address this issue. By teaching this lesson in between an ‘Aeneas’ and a ‘Romulus and Remus’ lesson, they could much more easily recall the key details of both stories - thanks to the contextual knowledge of Italy that this lesson provides.
Students are introduced to all the different prominent cultures and peoples of Bronze Age Italy, including many like the Sabines and the Latins who Rome will come into conflict with shortly afterwards.
this lesson provides a snapshot of Italy in 1000 BCE, which provides the handle students need to hang their subsequent learning about early Rome on. The lesson is dual coded to reduce cognitive load and videos are included (hence the large file size) at appropriate points to provide extra exposition.
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Who was Aeneas and why was he important to the Romans?
This lesson provided the perfect link for my GCSE pupils between the Trojan War and the founding of Rome.
It’s all dual-coded to ensure cognitive load isn’t an issue and this way of presenting information really helped the story to stick in the minds of my classes.
The slides take you through Aeneas’ escape from Troy and introduces students to the Aeneid by Virgil in quite a light way. The fact that it was commissioned by the emperor Augustus is also discussed.
Two useful and entertaining videos are embedded seamlessly within the PowerPoint which helps add colour to the slides and your other exposition.
The final task involves students creating images on 3 storyboards (all the writing is already there) which just tells the story of Aeneas’ journey to Italy, and why he many consider him the first Roman, in an interesting and very accessible way.
If you’re looking for a lesson that just tells students straight up how Aeneas got to Italy and why he is important to the Romans then this is perfect.
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Foundations of Rome Knowledge Organisers (Roman Kings and Roman Republic) Ancient History GCSE
These Graphic Organisers are ideal for Ancient History 9-1 GCSE. The Foundations of Rome unit, can become tedious for students and staff alike. Quality resources for this part of the unit are scarce and this is me trying to rectify that a bit.
My students really appreciate these. The organisers give enough ‘knowledge’ or ‘information’ for students to get a good grade at GCSE - a 4/5/6 depending on how much information they can retain.
We print these out A5 size and stick them in the middle of our books and as I am teaching students will annotate these sheets according to how much extra information they need to get above a 4/5/6.
The visuals are a huge help and icons and schemas are repeated as and when appropriate across the organisers which makes pupils feel secure and build a mental image of all the content - something I had found challenging to help them create before using these. The GOs really help tell the ‘story’ of early Rome. The resources included here cover over a quarter of the entire OCR GCSE.
Topics included:
Aeneas - The first Roman?
Romulus & Remus
Romulus - 1st King of Rome
Numa Pompilius- 2nd King of Rome
Tullus Hostilius - 3rd King of Rome
Ancus Marcius - 4th King of Rome
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus - 5th King of Rome
Servius Tullius - 6th King of Rome
Tarquinius Superbus - 7th King of Rome
The Wars of Independence
Creation of the Roman Republic by consuls Brutus and Collatinus
The history and trajectory of the Conflict of the Orders
Sicinius and the First Secession of the plebs
The Volero Publilius Uprising and subsequent reforms
The First and Second Decemvirates
The Twelve Tables
The second Secession of the plebs
The Valero - Horatian Laws and other reforms
Legal Reforms of the 440s BCE and the end of the Conflict of the Orders
![robertsad](https://d2w4qhtqw2dbsq.cloudfront.net/profile_live/3138352/small.jpg)
Persia Achaemenid Kings Graphic Organisers (Dual Coded) Ancient History GCSE
These painstakingly created Graphic Organisers are ideal for Ancient History 9-1 GCSE. Quality resources for the GCSE seem scarce and this is me trying to rectify that a bit. These provide all the required information in an easily accessible and memorable way for the Period study of Persia - just over a quarter of the whole GCSE.
My students really appreciate these. The organisers give enough ‘knowledge’ or ‘information’ for students to get a good grade at GCSE - a 4/5/6 depending on how much information they can retain.
We print these out A5 size and stick them in the middle of our books and as I am teaching students will annotate these sheets according to how much extra information they need to get above a 4/5/6.
The visuals are a huge help and icons and schemas are repeated as and when appropriate across the organisers which makes pupils feel secure and build a mental image of all the content - something I had found challenging to help them create before using these. The GOs really help tell the ‘story’ of the Achaemenid (Persian) Kings: Cyrus, Cambyses, Darius and Xerxes.
Topics included:
Cyrus’ birth and early life
Cyrus’ conquest of Astyages and the Medes / Media
Cyrus’ conquest of Croesus and the Lydians / Lydia
Cyrus’ conquest of Nabonidus and the Babylonians / Babylon
The importance of the Nabonidus Chronicle, Cyrus Cylinder and Herodotus as sources
The foundation of Cyrus’ city at Pasargadae
Cyrus’ death at the hands of Queen Tomyris and the Massegatae
Early Cambyses and Succession
Background to Cambyses’ invasion of Egypt
Cambyses conquest of Egypt
Cambyses positives as ruler of Egypt
Cambyses’ negatives and 'madness as ruler of Egypt
Cambyses’ military failures after conquering Egypt (Carthage, Ammonia, Ethiopia)
Smerdis’ the usurper and death of Cambyses
Accession of Darius
Behistun (Bisitun) Inscription
Darius’ reorganisation of the Persian Empire
The foundation of Darius’ city at Persepolis
Darius’ initial expansion attempts from 517 BCE
The backstory and causes of the Ionian Revolt
The events of the Ionian Revolt 499 BCE
The aftermath and consequences of the Ionian Revolt
Darius’ final invasion of Greece and death
Accession of Xerxes to the Persian throne
Xerxes’ preparations for his invasion of Greece
Xerxes’ invasion of Greece
The Battle of Thermopylae
The sack of Athens
Battle of Salamis
Battle of Eurymedon
End of Persian forays westward
![robertsad](https://d2w4qhtqw2dbsq.cloudfront.net/profile_live/3138352/small.jpg)
Xerxes Graphic Organisers (Dual Coded) Ancient History GCSE
These Graphic Organisers are ideal for Ancient History 9-1 GCSE. Quality resources for the GCSE seem scarce and this is me trying to rectify that a bit.
My students really appreciate these. The organisers give enough ‘knowledge’ or ‘information’ for students to get a good grade at GCSE - a 4/5/6 depending on how much information they can retain.
We print these out A5 size and stick them in the middle of our books and as I am teaching students will annotate these sheets according to how much extra information they need to get above a 4/5/6.
The visuals are a huge help and icons and schemas are repeated as and when appropriate across the organisers which makes pupils feel secure and build a mental image of all the content - something I had found challenging to help them create before using these. The GOs really help tell the ‘story’ of Xerxes’ reign as king of Persia.
Topics included:
Accession of Xerxes to the Persian throne
Xerxes’ preparations for his invasion of Greece
Xerxes’ invasion of Greece
The Battle of Thermopylae
The sack of Athens
Battle of Salamis
Battle of Eurymedon
End of Persian forays westward
![robertsad](https://d2w4qhtqw2dbsq.cloudfront.net/profile_live/3138352/small.jpg)
Darius I Graphic Organisers (Dual Coded): Ancient History GCSE
These Graphic Organisers are ideal for Ancient History 9-1 GCSE. Quality resources for the GCSE seem scarce and this is me trying to rectify that a bit.
My students really appreciate these. The organisers give enough ‘knowledge’ or ‘information’ for students to get a good grade at GCSE - a 4/5/6 depending on how much information they can retain.
We print these out A5 size and stick them in the middle of our books and as I am teaching students will annotate these sheets according to how much extra information they need to get above a 4/5/6.
The visuals are a huge help and icons and schemas are repeated as and when appropriate across the organisers which makes pupils feel secure and build a mental image of all the content - something I had found challenging to help them create before using these. The GOs really help tell the ‘story’ of Darius the Great’s reign as king of Persia.
Topics included:
Accession of Darius
Behistun (Bisitun) Inscription
Darius’ reorganisation of the Persian Empire
The foundation of Darius’ city at Persepolis
Darius’ initial expansion attempts from 517 BCE
The backstory and causes of the Ionian Revolt
The events of the Ionian Revolt 499 BCE
The aftermath and consequences of the Ionian Revolt
Darius’ final invasion of Greece and death
![robertsad](https://d2w4qhtqw2dbsq.cloudfront.net/profile_live/3138352/small.jpg)
Cambyses Ancient History OCR GCSE Dual Coded Graphic Organisers
These Graphic Organisers are ideal for Ancient History 9-1 GCSE. Quality resources for the GCSE seem scarce and this is me trying to rectify that a bit.
My students really appreciate these. The organisers give enough ‘knowledge’ or ‘information’ for students to get a good grade at GCSE - a 4/5/6 depending on how much information they can retain.
We print these out A5 size and stick them in the middle of our books and as I am teaching students will annotate these sheets according to how much extra information they need to get above a 4/5/6.
The visuals are a huge help and icons and schemas are repeated as and when appropriate across the organisers which makes pupils feel secure and build a mental image of all the content - something I had found challenging to help them create before using these. The GOs really help tell the ‘story’ of Cambyses’ reign as king of Persia
Topics included:
Early Cambyses and Succession
Background to Cambyses’ invasion of Egypt
Cambyses conquest of Egypt
Cambyses positives as ruler of Egypt
Cambyses’ negatives and 'madness as ruler of Egypt
Cambyses’ military failures after conquering Egypt (Carthage, Ammonia, Ethiopia)
Smerdis’ the usurper and death of Cambyses
![robertsad](https://d2w4qhtqw2dbsq.cloudfront.net/profile_live/3138352/small.jpg)
Cyrus the Great (dual coded) Graphic Organisers: Ancient History GCSE
These Graphic Organisers are ideal for Ancient History 9-1 GCSE. Quality resources for the GCSE seem scarce and this is me trying to rectify that a bit.
My students really appreciate these. The organisers give enough ‘knowledge’ or ‘information’ for students to get a good grade at GCSE - a 4/5/6 depending on how much information they can retain.
We print these out A5 size and stick them in the middle of our books and as I am teaching students will annotate these sheets according to how much extra information they need to get above a 4/5/6.
The visuals are a huge help and icons and schemas are repeated as and when appropriate across the organisers which makes pupils feel secure and build a mental image of all the content - something I had found challenging to help them create before using these. The GOs really help tell the ‘story’ of Cyrus the Great’s reign
Topics included:
Cyrus’ birth and early life
Cyrus’ conquest of Astyages and the Medes / Media
Cyrus’ conquest of Croesus and the Lydians / Lydia
Cyrus’ conquest of Nabonidus and the Babylonians / Babylon
The importance of the Nabonidus Chronicle, Cyrus Cylinder and Herodotus as sources
The foundation of Cyrus’ city at Pasargadae
Cyrus’ death at the hands of Queen Tomyris and the Massegatae
![robertsad](https://d2w4qhtqw2dbsq.cloudfront.net/profile_live/3138352/small.jpg)
Foundations of Rome (Ancient History GCSE) Early Republic Knowledge Organisers
These Graphic Organisers are ideal for Ancient History 9-1 GCSE. The Foundations of Rome unit, especially after studying the kings of Rome, can become tedious for students and staff alike. Quality resources for this part of the unit are scarce and this is me trying to rectify that a bit.
My students really appreciate these. The organisers give enough ‘knowledge’ or ‘information’ for students to get a good grade at GCSE - a 4/5/6 depending on how much information they can retain.
We print these out A5 size and stick them in the middle of our books and as I am teaching students will annotate these sheets according to how much extra information they need to get above a 4/5/6.
The visuals are a huge help and icons and schemas are repeated as and when appropriate across the organisers which makes pupils feel secure and build a mental image of all the content - something I had found challenging to help them create before using these. The GOs really help tell the ‘story’ of the early Roman Republic.
Topics included:
Creation of the Roman Republic by consuls Brutus and Collatinus
The history and trajectory of the Conflict of the Orders
Sicinius and the First Secession of the plebs
The Volero Publilius Uprising and subsequent reforms
The First and Second Decemvirates
The Twelve Tables
The second Secession of the plebs
The Valero - Horatian Laws and other reforms
Legal Reforms of the 440s BCE and the end of the Conflict of the Orders