Let’s learn about Terrorism. This worksheet contains informative activities and exercises about terrorism. The aim of this 28-page unit is to give the students a basic understanding of terrorism, teach them what types of terrorism exist, and introduce them to various terrorist organizations from the past and the present. The answers and an answer sheet are included. GOOGLE SLIDES AND FILLABLE PDF VERSIONS INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: types of terrorism Page 5-7: Major attacks Page 8: Al Qaeda Page 9-10: IRA Page 11: FARC Page 12: ETA Page 13: Hezbollah Page 14: Taliban Page 15: RAF Page 16-17: Islamic State Page 18: PKK Page 19-20: Ku Klux Klan Page 21: Boko Haram Page 22-23: Tamil Tigers Page 24-25: Al Shabaab Page 26: Hamas Page 27-28: Reflection You might also like these worksheets: Religions Islam Christianity The Middle East Keywords: Terrorism, terror, terrorist, extremists, militants, Reign of Terror, religion, separatist, left wing, right wing, 9/11 attacks, Yazidi bombings, Oklahoma City Bombing, Madrid Train Bombings, Pan Am Flight 103, Paris Attacks, World Trade Center Bombing, Al Qaeda, Osama bin Laden, IRA, Ireland, FARC, Colombia, ETA, Spain, Basque, Hezbollah, Islam, Muslim, Israel, Lebanon, Middle East, Taliban, Afghanistan, Sharia, Jihad, Malala Yousafzai, RAF, Germany, ISIS, Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, Baghdadi, PKK, Kurds, Kurdistan, Turkey, KKK, Ku Klux Klan, Boko Haram, Nigeria, kidnapping, bombing.

Let’s learn about Ancient Civilizations! This worksheet includes 31 pages with a great variety of activities and exercises about Ancient Civilizations. The materials have informative exercises about the great civilizations of human history, such as Ancient Egypt, Indus Valley Civilization, Ancient Greece, Babylonian Empire, the Mayans, Ancient Rome, the Persian Empire and many others! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. The answers are included. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction to Ancient Civilizations Page 3-4: Ancient Egypt Page 5-6: Indus Valley Civilization Page 7-9: Ancient Greece Page 10-12: Ancient China Page 13: Babylonian Empire Page 14-15: The Mayans Page 16-17: Persian Empire Page 18-21: Ancient Rome Page 22-23: Byzantine Empire Page 24-25: Inca Empire Page 26-27: Ottoman Empire Page 28-29: The Aztecs Page 30-31: Reflection You might also like these worksheets: Wonders of the World The Middle East Religions China Egypt Italy Greece Keywords: Ancient Civilizations, empire, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Pharaoh, Pyramids, the Nile, Indus Valley Civilization, Indus River, Ancient Greece, Athens, Alexander the Great, City States, Ancient China, Dynasties, Emperor, Babylon, the Mayans, Mexico, Chichen Itza, Persian Empire, Ancient Rome, Roman Empire, Julius Caesar, Byzantine Empire, Constantine I, Justinian, Incan Empire, Peru, Ottoman Empire, Turkey, Sultan, the Aztecs.

Let’s get to know Brazil! This worksheet includes 26 pages with a great variety of activities and exercises about Brazil. The materials have informative exercises about the things that Brazil is famous for, such as Carnival, the Amazon, Rio de Janeiro, Favelas, indigenous Brazilians, and many other things! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: Geography Page 5-7: The Amazon Page 8-9: History Page 10: People Page 11-12: Indigenous people Page 13-15: Culture Page 16-17: Carnival Page 18-19: Favelas Page 20-21: Attractions Page 22-23: Rio de Janeiro Page 24: Christ the Redeemer Page 25-26: Reflection The answers and an answer sheet are included. You might also like these worksheets: Argentina Mexico Geography – South America You can save money by purchasing bundles! All units: 28 Country Studies Top 10 Best-selling Country Studies Keywords: Brazil, Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, the Olympic Games, Samba, Amazon, Christ the Redeemer, Iguassu Falls, Pele, Maracana Stadium, Favela, Carnival, Copacabana Beach, Neymar, soccer, football, no prep.

Let’s get to know France! This worksheet includes 23 pages with a great variety of activities and exercises about France. The materials have informative exercises about the things that France is famous for, such as Napoleon, the French Revolution, The Louvre, the Tour de France and many other things! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: Geography Page 5-6: The French Revolution Page 7-8: Napoleon Page 9-10: The Invasion of Normandy (D-Day) Page 11-14: Culture Page 15-16: Famous people Page 17-18: Tour de France Page 19-21: Attractions Page 22-23: Reflection The answers and am answer sheet are included. BONUS WORKSHEETS: Monaco Map Quiz Keywords: Country study, France, Paris, Napoleon, the French Revolution, the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, Palace of Versailles, King Louis XIV, the Tour de France, Coco Chanel, the Bastille, Waterloo, the French Riviera, D-Day, the Invasion of Normandy, Monaco.

Let’s learn about the Guianas! This worksheet includes 25 pages with a wide variety of activities and exercises on the Guianas. The unit includes informative exercises about the things that this region is famous for, such as rainforests, maroons, the Guiana Highlands, jaguars, and many other things! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: Countries Page 5-6: Geography Page: 7-8: Nature Page 9-11: Wildlife Page 12-13: History Page 14-15: People Page 16-18: Culture Page 19-20: Food Page 21: Economy Page 22-23: Attractions Page 24-25: Reflection The following countries are addressed in this unit: Guyana Suriname French Guiana The answers and an answer sheet are included. Key words: Country studies, printable, Google Slides, worksheet, Guianas, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, South America, Amazon, Guiana Highlands, Mount Roraima, rainforests, wildlife, Christopher Columbus, Indo-Guyanese, Afro-Guyanese

Let’s get to know Italy! This 26-page country study includes a large variety of exercises about Italy. Many different topics are included that Italy is famous for, such as the Roman Empire, The Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci, Venice, and many other things. The aim of this worksheet is to give the students a basic understanding of Italy and things that are related to it. GOOGLE SLIDES AND FILLABLE PDF VERSIONS INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: Geography Page 5-6: History Page 7-10: Ancient Rome Page 11-12: The Renaissance Page 13-14: Culture Page 15: Food Page 16-17: Famous Italians Page 18: Leonardo da Vinci Page 19-21: Attractions Page 22-23: Venice Page 24: Pompeii Page 25-26: Reflection The answers and an answer sheet are included. BONUS WORKSHEETS: Mafia San Marino Vatican City Key words: Country study, Italy, Rome, Roman Empire, Roman Republic, Julius Caesar, Leonardo de Vinci, Renaissance, Venice, Rome, Florence, Tower of Pisa, Coliseum, Forum, Vatican City, Mafia, Pizza and Pasta.

Let’s get to know the Caribbean! This worksheet includes 26 pages with a wide variety of activities and exercises about the Caribbean. The materials have informative exercises about the things that this region is famous for, such as its vibrant history, culture, people, music, and many other things! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. The answers and an answer sheet are included. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: Countries and Territories Page: 5-6: Geography Page 7-8: Nature and Wildlife Page 9-10: Climate Page 11-12: History Page 13-14: People Page 15-17: Culture Page 18-19: Clothing Page 20-21: Economy Page 22-23: Attractions Page 24-26: Reflection BONUS: Map with countries and territories Map Quiz activities Key words: Caribbean, West Indies, America, Antilles, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Volcanoes, Hurricanes, Tropical, Jamaica, Rastafari, Reggae, territories, Puerto Rico, Christopher Columbus, Ciboney, Taino, Carib, Google Slides

Let’s learn about Terrorism. This worksheet contains informative activities and exercises about terrorism. The aim of this 28-page unit is to give the students a basic understanding of terrorism, teach them what types of terrorism exist, and introduce them to various terrorist organizations from the past and the present. The answers and an answer sheet are included. GOOGLE SLIDES AND FILLABLE PDF VERSIONS INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: types of terrorism Page 5-7: Major attacks Page 8: Al Qaeda Page 9-10: IRA Page 11: FARC Page 12: ETA Page 13: Hezbollah Page 14: Taliban Page 15: RAF Page 16-17: Islamic State Page 18: PKK Page 19-20: Ku Klux Klan Page 21: Boko Haram Page 22-23: Tamil Tigers Page 24-25: Al Shabaab Page 26: Hamas Page 27-28: Reflection You might also like these worksheets: Religions Islam Christianity The Middle East Keywords: Terrorism, terror, terrorist, extremists, militants, Reign of Terror, religion, separatist, left wing, right wing, 9/11 attacks, Yazidi bombings, Oklahoma City Bombing, Madrid Train Bombings, Pan Am Flight 103, Paris Attacks, World Trade Center Bombing, Al Qaeda, Osama bin Laden, IRA, Ireland, FARC, Colombia, ETA, Spain, Basque, Hezbollah, Islam, Muslim, Israel, Lebanon, Middle East, Taliban, Afghanistan, Sharia, Jihad, Malala Yousafzai, RAF, Germany, ISIS, Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, Baghdadi, PKK, Kurds, Kurdistan, Turkey, KKK, Ku Klux Klan, Boko Haram, Nigeria, kidnapping, bombing.

Let’s get to know France! This worksheet includes 23 pages with a great variety of activities and exercises about France. The materials have informative exercises about the things that France is famous for, such as Napoleon, the French Revolution, The Louvre, the Tour de France and many other things! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: Geography Page 5-6: The French Revolution Page 7-8: Napoleon Page 9-10: The Invasion of Normandy (D-Day) Page 11-14: Culture Page 15-16: Famous people Page 17-18: Tour de France Page 19-21: Attractions Page 22-23: Reflection The answers and am answer sheet are included. BONUS WORKSHEETS: Monaco Map Quiz Keywords: Country study, France, Paris, Napoleon, the French Revolution, the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, Palace of Versailles, King Louis XIV, the Tour de France, Coco Chanel, the Bastille, Waterloo, the French Riviera, D-Day, the Invasion of Normandy, Monaco.

Let’s learn about Ancient Civilizations! This worksheet includes 31 pages with a great variety of activities and exercises about Ancient Civilizations. The materials have informative exercises about the great civilizations of human history, such as Ancient Egypt, Indus Valley Civilization, Ancient Greece, Babylonian Empire, the Mayans, Ancient Rome, the Persian Empire and many others! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. The answers are included. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction to Ancient Civilizations Page 3-4: Ancient Egypt Page 5-6: Indus Valley Civilization Page 7-9: Ancient Greece Page 10-12: Ancient China Page 13: Babylonian Empire Page 14-15: The Mayans Page 16-17: Persian Empire Page 18-21: Ancient Rome Page 22-23: Byzantine Empire Page 24-25: Inca Empire Page 26-27: Ottoman Empire Page 28-29: The Aztecs Page 30-31: Reflection You might also like these worksheets: Wonders of the World The Middle East Religions China Egypt Italy Greece Keywords: Ancient Civilizations, empire, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Pharaoh, Pyramids, the Nile, Indus Valley Civilization, Indus River, Ancient Greece, Athens, Alexander the Great, City States, Ancient China, Dynasties, Emperor, Babylon, the Mayans, Mexico, Chichen Itza, Persian Empire, Ancient Rome, Roman Empire, Julius Caesar, Byzantine Empire, Constantine I, Justinian, Incan Empire, Peru, Ottoman Empire, Turkey, Sultan, the Aztecs.

Let’s get to know Brazil! This worksheet includes 26 pages with a great variety of activities and exercises about Brazil. The materials have informative exercises about the things that Brazil is famous for, such as Carnival, the Amazon, Rio de Janeiro, Favelas, indigenous Brazilians, and many other things! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: Geography Page 5-7: The Amazon Page 8-9: History Page 10: People Page 11-12: Indigenous people Page 13-15: Culture Page 16-17: Carnival Page 18-19: Favelas Page 20-21: Attractions Page 22-23: Rio de Janeiro Page 24: Christ the Redeemer Page 25-26: Reflection The answers and an answer sheet are included. You might also like these worksheets: Argentina Mexico Geography – South America You can save money by purchasing bundles! All units: 28 Country Studies Top 10 Best-selling Country Studies Keywords: Brazil, Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, the Olympic Games, Samba, Amazon, Christ the Redeemer, Iguassu Falls, Pele, Maracana Stadium, Favela, Carnival, Copacabana Beach, Neymar, soccer, football, no prep.

Let’s learn about the States, Capitals, and Geographic Features of the United States! This resource includes a wide variety of exercises, map quizzes and puzzles about the geography of the United States. The answers and answer sheets are included. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: States and Capitals Page 5-10: Map Quizzes (states & capitals) Page 11-13: Geography Page 14-18: Map Quizzes (geographic features) Page 19-21: Attractions Page 22-23: Reflection Extra: Additional map quizzes and puzzles in different levels. Exercises on major cities in the United States. You might also like these worksheets: South America North America Oceania & Australia The Middle East Keywords: geography, maps, map quiz, states, capitals, mountains, rivers, attractions, United States, territories, lakes, plains, islands, landforms

Let’s get to know China! This worksheet includes 25 pages with a wide variety of activities and exercises about China. The materials have informative exercises about the things that China is famous for, such as dynasties, Mao Zedong, the Cultural Revolution, the Great Wall, Tibet, and many other things! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. GOOGLE SLIDES AND FILLABLE PDF VERSIONS INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: Geography Page 5-7: Ancient China Page 8-9: Modern China Page 10: Taiwan Page 11: Tibet Page 12-14: Culture Page 15-16: Food Page 17: Confucius Page 18-19: Chinese New Year Page 20-21: Attractions Page 22: The Great Wall Page 23: The Terracotta Army Page 24-25: Reflection The answers and answer sheets are included. EXTRA TOPICS: Hong Kong Uyghurs Pollution Keywords: China, country study, Chinese, Macau, Pollution, Factories, Tibet, Beijing, Shanghai, Xi Jinping, Sweatshops, Export, conflicts, Dalai Lama, Communists, Communism, Mao Zedong (Tse tung), Emperors, Emperor Qin Shi Huang, The Great Wall and The Terracotta Army, Hong Kong, Cultural Revolution, the Great Leap Forward, Dynasties, Confucianism, Confucius, Tibet, One-Child-Policy, Shanghai, Panda, Forbidden City.

Let’s get to know Polynesia! This worksheet includes 26 pages with a wide variety of activities and exercises about Polynesia. The materials have informative exercises about the things that this region is famous for, such as its volcanic islands, coral reefs, the Māori, the Hula dance, tattoos, James Cook, and many other things! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-5: Countries & Territories Page 6-7: Geography Page 8-9: Nature & Wildlife Page 10-11: History Page 12-14: Culture Page 15-16: Clothing & Decoration Page 17-18: Religion Page 19-20: Economy Page 21: Government Page 22-23: Attractions Page 24-26: Reflection The answers and an answer sheet are included. Key words: Worksheet, printable, digital, Google Slides, Polynesia, Oceania, Tonga, Samoa, Tuvalu, New Zealand, Hawaii, French Polynesia, Cook Islands, Niue, Easter Island, Wallis and Futuna, Pitcairn, Tahiti, Bora Bora, Mana, Tapu, Pareo, Tiki, Hula, Haka, Maori, Umu, Saimin, Moai, Rapa Nui, Waikiki

Let’s get to know Central Asia! This worksheet includes 26 pages with a wide variety of activities and exercises about the countries of Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The materials have informative exercises about the things that this region is famous for, such as steppes, nomads, Islam, Turkic peoples, Registan and many other things! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! **Overview: ** Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: Countries Page: 5-6: Geography Page 7-8: History Page 9: People Page 10-11: Culture Page 12-13: Food Page 14-15: Clothing Page 16-17: Religion Page 18-19: Economy Page 20-21: Government Page 22-23: Attractions Page 24-26: Reflection The answers and an answer sheet are included. Key words: Country studies, worksheet, Google Slides, ‘the Stans’, Turkestan, Islam, Kazakh Steppe, Tian Shan, Pamirs, dictators, oil, yurt, nomads, Samarkand, Soviet Union, Turkic people

Let’s get to know the Nordic Countries! This worksheet includes 23 pages with a great variety of activities and exercises about the Nordic countries. The materials have informative exercises about the things that the Nordic countries are famous for, such as Vikings, Lapland, fjords, the Northern Lights, and many other things! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! The following countries are addressed in this unit: Denmark Iceland Finland Norway Sweden Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: Countries Page 5-7: Geography Page 8-9: Nature and Wildlife Page 10-12: History Page 13-15: Culture Page 16-17: People Page 18-19: Economy Page 20-21: Attractions Page 22-23: Reflection The answers and an answer sheet are included. Keywords: Scandinavia, Nordic countries, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, country study, Vikings, Fjords, Lapland, Northern Lights, Alfred Nobel, the Nordic Model, the Sami People, Reindeer

Let’s get to know East Asia! This worksheet includes 25 pages with a wide variety of activities and exercises about the countries of the Far East: China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, and South Korea. The materials have informative exercises about the things that this region is famous for, such as Chinese dynasties, shoguns, North Korea’s Kim family, the Korean War, and many other things! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: Countries Page: 5-7: Geography Page 8-11: History Page 12-13: People Page 14-16: Culture (language, food, and clothing) Page 17-18: Religion Page 19-20: Economy Page 21: Government Page 22-23: Attractions Page 24-25: Reflection The answers and an answer sheet are included. Key words: Country studies, worksheet, Google Slides, the Far East, Mao Zedong, Qin Shi Huang, China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Himalayas, shogun, emperor, Kim Jong Un, Buddhism, Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Meiji, kimono, hanbok, hanfu, mandarin

Let’s get to know India! This worksheet includes 27 pages with a great variety of activities and exercises about India. The materials have informative exercises about the things that India is famous for, such as the Taj Mahal, Gandhi, Hinduism, Caste System, Bollywood, and many other things! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: Geography Page 5-7: History Page 8-9: The Indus Valley Civilization Page 10-11: Mahatma Gandhi Page 12-14: Culture Page 15-16: Clothing Page 17-18: Food Page 19-20: Hinduism Page 21: Sikhism Page 22: The Caste System Page 23-24: Attractions Page 25-27: Reflection The answers and an answer sheet are included. Bonus Activities: Holidays India in Maps Puzzle Key words: Tiger, Taj Mahal, Hindu, Hinduism, Gandhi, Varanasi, Ganges, Vasi, Curry, Sacred cow, Brahman, Temples, Cricket, New Delhi, Mumbai, Bombay, Caste System, Sikh, Sikhism, Turban, Country study, Indian, Curry

Let’s get to know South Asia! This worksheet includes 27 pages with a wide variety of activities and exercises about South Asia. The materials have informative exercises about the things that this region is famous for, such as Hinduism, the Himalayas, colonial history, wildlife, Taj Mahal, and many other things! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. The answers and an answer sheet are included. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: Countries Page: 5-6: Geography Page 7-8: Nature & Wildlife Page 9-11: History Page 12-13: People & Language Page 14-16: Religion Page 17-18: Clothing Page 19-20: Food Page 21-22: Economy Page 23-24: Attractions Page 25-27: Reflection The following countries are included: Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka The Maldives The following countries are included: The Kashmir Conflict The Indian Subcontinent Extra Reflection Word Search Key words: South Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Himalayas, Mount Everest, K2, Hindu Kush, Thar Desert, Ganges River, Indus River, Bengal tiger, Indian rhinoceros, Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic Civilization, Mughal Empire, Tal Mahal, East India Company, Mahatma Gandhi, Hindi, Bengali, Punjabi, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Islam, Sari, Curry, Naan, Roti, Varanasi, Google Slides, Worksheet, Printable.

Let’s get to know Melanesia! This worksheet includes 27 pages with a wide variety of activities and exercises about Melanesia. The materials have informative exercises about the things that this region is famous for, such as its vibrant history, culture, people, clothing, and many other things! Crosswords, word searches, puzzles and other kinds of activities are included to make it a fun and interesting class. The answers and an answer sheet are included. GOOGLE SLIDES WITH PREMADE TEXTBOXES INCLUDED! Overview: Page 1-2: Introduction Page 3-4: Countries and Territories Page: 5-6: Geography Page 7-8: Nature and Wildlife Page 9-10: History Page 11-12: People Page 13-14: Language Page 15: Religion Page 16-17: Food Page 18-19: Clothing Page 20-21: Government Page 22-23: Economy Page 24-25: Government Page 26-27: Reflection The following countries and territory are addressed in the unit: Fiji New Caledonia (France) Papua (Indonesia) Papua New Guinea The Solomon Islands Vanuatu Key words: Melanesia, Oceania, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, islands, Pacific Ocean, Ring of Fire, coral reef, volcanoes, James Cook, Austronesian,