<p>Very in-depth introduction into the respiratory system.</p> <p>Covers:</p> <ul> <li>Definitions of the respiratory system and types of respiration</li> <li>Very detailed notes on the structures of the respiratory system, nose and mouth, and the air passages</li> <li>Information into breathing, inspiration, and expiration</li> <li>Information about gas transport and diffusion</li> </ul>

<p>Very detailed explanation of protozoa and helminths</p> <p>Covers protozoa:</p> <ul> <li>What protozoa are, the types, habits, and movement</li> <li>Definition of parasite</li> <li>Routes of parasitic infection</li> <li>Types of protozoa in the environment</li> <li>Feeding and life cycle/stages of protozoa</li> <li>Problems with the classification of protozoa</li> <li>Types of protozoa and detailed information about them</li> </ul> <p>Covers helminths:</p> <ul> <li>Definition</li> <li>Types of helminth worms</li> <li>Epidemiology and environment</li> </ul>

<p>Covers:</p> <ul> <li>Barriers of the immune system</li> <li>Detailed explanation of the innate immunity<br /> + Components of innate immunity (e.g, cytokines, complement)</li> <li>Cells of innate immunity</li> <li>Signs of inflammation via innate immunity</li> <li>Detailed explanation of adaptive immunity (cell-mediated and humoral)</li> <li>Information covering the pathogen and how size affects the immune response</li> <li>Types of antibodies and functionality’</li> <li>Detailed information regarding cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity</li> <li>Cellular features of DTH</li> </ul>

<p>Covers:</p> <ul> <li>Ethics vs scientific benefit</li> <li>3Rs in animal use (replace, reduce, refine)</li> <li>Why the use of animals and where the use is applied to</li> <li>Legislation involved</li> <li>Statistics involving animal experimental procedures in the UK 2020</li> <li>Alternatives to animal models in research</li> <li>Limitations of alternatives</li> </ul>

<p>Covers:</p> <ul> <li>Pattern-recognition receptors</li> <li>Toll-like receptors</li> <li>Cytokines</li> <li>Inflammation (acute and chronic)</li> <li>Inital response to infection and stages of infection</li> <li>Adaptive immunity and its mechanisms (cell-mediated and humoral)</li> <li>Antibody structure and function</li> <li>Brief explanation of complement system</li> <li>Brief explanination of natural killer cells</li> </ul>

<p>Simple overview of pandemics, epidemics, and outbreaks. Methods of controlling outbreaks and contamination, hazard groups, and some examples of resistant bacteria and methods to control the infection,</p>