<p>This covers the practical skills needed when taking measurements, making tables and graphs and finding the gradient of straight-line graphs. It also covers how equations can be rearranged into the form y = mx + c in order to find the gradient and intercept with a test to check on understanding.</p> <p>The <strong>Sig Figs</strong> Word document explains what significant figures are, using many examples to aid understanding. It also has questions to check student understanding including rounding numbers to a given number of significant figures. It explains the importance of significant figures when it comes to taking measurements and how scientific notation is useful.<br /> The <strong>Sig Figs - ANS</strong> Word document has the answers to the questions.</p> <p>The <strong>Tables &amp; Graphs Skills Tick List</strong> Word document is a check list for students to use in order to ensure that they have completed each of the steps needed when constructing tables and graphs, especially when doing so from experimental results.</p> <p>The <strong>St line graphs</strong> Word document has 10 questions where equations must be rearranged into the form y = mx + c and then used to sketch the straight-line graph and give the gradient and intercept.<br /> It also has 11 questions, which get progressively harder, where the gradient, intercept, y axis and x axis must be identified from various equations. There are then a further 2 harder questions involving more complex manipulation and 3 Extension questions involving the use of Log10.<br /> <strong>The St line graphs - ANS</strong> Word document has the answers to the questions.</p> <p>The <strong>St line graph TEST</strong> Word document has 14 questions on linear graphs and their equations. The last 4 question require the equations to be rearranged.<br /> The <strong>St line graph TEST</strong> - ANS Word document has the answers to the questions.</p>

<p>This has Christmas questions which are interesting, informative and fun.<br /> They have a range of difficulty, including some with a diagram or extra information as a hint.<br /> For flexibility it comes as a <strong>Word document AND as PowerPoint</strong> presentations.</p> <p>The Word document <strong>XMAS QUIZ</strong> has 4 sections.</p> <ol> <li><strong>It’s Christmas</strong>. 10 questions plus a bonus question linked to the word Christmas.</li> <li><strong>Christmas Anagrams</strong>. 10 two-word anagrams.</li> <li><strong>Christmas General Knowledge</strong>. 50 questions plus 2 bonus questions.</li> <li><strong>Christmas Dingbats</strong>. 18 questions.</li> </ol> <p>The quiz can be given to individuals or teams.<br /> The Word document <strong>XMAS QUIZ ANS</strong> has all the answers.</p> <p>The same questions are also in the form of 3 separate PowerPoints.</p> <ol> <li><strong>It’s Christmas</strong>. 10 questions plus abonus question linked to the word Christmas.</li> <li><strong>Christmas Anagrams and Christmas Dingbats</strong>. 10 two-word anagrams and 18 dingbats</li> <li><strong>Christmas General Knowledge</strong>. 50 questions plus two bonus questions.</li> </ol> <p>The PowerPoints have animations to liven it up and make the answers more memorable. I certainly had fun making all the diagrams!<br /> The answers are revealed by clicking on a diagram of Santa on each slide apart from the dingbats where the answers are revealed by clicking on a diagram of a Christmas Cracker.</p> <p>Since the cursor pointer disappears after a few seconds it is recommended that the cursor pointer is set to visible.<br /> In case you do not know how to do this I have included instructions in the Word document <strong>How to Keep Cursor Pointer Visible in PowerPoint</strong>.</p>

<p>This unit of work consists of five Word files covering Centre of Mass, Centre of Gravity, Stability, Moments, Equilibrium and the Principle of Moments. They require the completion of words, numbers and calculations by the student.</p> <p>The first file, of two pages, covers the concept of Centre of Mass, Centre of Gravity and Stability. It includes some questions on stability.<br /> The second file, of three pages, covers the concept of Moments, equilibrium and the Principle of Moments. There is an emphasis on how to set out calculations.<br /> The third file, of one page, has a worked example (with parts to be completed) of how to find the mass of a metre rule by experiment. Students can then do their own experiment and use the same method with their results. Lastly there is a question to check on understanding.<br /> The fourth file, of one page, is four more moments questions of increasing difficulty.<br /> The fifth and last file, of 1 page, is a Moments Test with four questions of increasing difficulty.</p> <p>The remaining five Word files have the missing words, numbers and answers to all questions, including a mark scheme for the test.</p>

<p>This powerpoint shows an object moving in a circle.<br /> Its aim is to explain the difficult concept of how an object moving in a circle at constant speed is accelerating.<br /> It explains this in terms of changing velocity and in terms of their being a resultant force.<br /> It emphasizes that the object is not in equilibrium and there is no outwards force. It shows how an object flies off along the tangent when the centripetal force ceases.</p>

<p>The first file has student notes which explain why an object moving in a circle at constant speed is accelerating towards the centre of the circle. It goes step by step through this difficult concept.<br /> It refers to Newton’s First Law, centripetal force, centripetal acceleration, the definition of velocity and the definition of acceleration. It explains why the velocity changes yet the speed does not change.<br /> It gives examples of circular motion and explains the relationship between centripetal force and the mass, speed and radius of orbit of the object.<br /> It also relates the speed to the radius of orbit and the time period.<br /> There are words to be completed by the student as the teacher explains each step.<br /> The third, and last, page has questions designed to check on the understanding of the previous two pages.<br /> There is NO reference to the equation F = mv2/r.</p> <p>The second file has the missing words and answers to the questions.</p>

<p>This provides the student notes needed for an understanding of wave particle duality.</p> <p>The first file gives the evidence for light behaving as a wave and as a particle.<br /> It then introduces the de Broglie wavelength and a matter wave being considered as a probability wave. It then covers the diffraction of electrons and gives the evidence for the particle nature of electrons.<br /> There are some questions on the use of the de Broglie equation with the emphasis on giving the student a feel for the numbers involved.<br /> There is a short section on the electron microscope, explaining how it can resolve more detail than an optical microscope.<br /> Lastly, there is a brief explanation of how de Broglie came up with his equation.</p> <p>The second file gives the answers to the questions.</p>

<p>The first file three pages of notes which covers the whole topic. It refers to the fission of U235 when bombarded by neutrons including the nuclear equation, how energy is released. where the energy comes from and what a chain reaction is. There are sections on a nuclear power station and nuclear waste.<br /> There are some parts to be completed by the student, including nuclear equations. At the end there is two extension questions which show how much energy is produced.</p> <p>The second file has the answers to the parts that must be completed.</p>

<p>The first file consists of two pages of notes which covers the whole topic. It refers to the Plum pudding model, Geiger and Marsden’s experiment their results and Rutherford’s explanation.<br /> There are some parts to be completed by the student.</p> <p>The second file has the answers to the parts that must be completed.</p>

<p>The object of this PowerPoint is to show how the moving alpha particles are deflected according to how close they come to the gold nucleus. This visualization should help it be remembered by students.<br /> Since it is impossible to represent an atom and its nucleus to scale on a diagram, I have kept putting in reminders of this.<br /> The first slide explains that the diagram of alpha particle, gold atom and gold nucleus are very much not to scale and the nucleus is about 1/100 000th of the size of the atom.<br /> It then shows the deflections of moving alpha particles when they bombard a gold atom.<br /> The next slide enables the user to choose, one by one, which alpha particle they want to watch and it leaves a trail behind to show its exact path.<br /> For simplicity the gold foil is then represented by a diagram of gold foil only two atoms thick and there is a second reminder that the nuclei are extremely far apart and so the diagram is not to scale.<br /> The next slide separately shows most alphas moving straight through the foil and then the decreasing proportion of alphas that are deflected through small angles, large angles, very large angles and one alpha that bounces back.<br /> The next slide repeats this but now shows the tracks.<br /> The last slide explains how the results of the experiment lead to Rutherford’s conclusion that the atom is mostly empty space and must have a tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus.</p>

<p>The first file explains what drag is and shows, using net force = ma with numbers, how the acceleration of a falling girl decreases to zero. It connects it to the velocity-time graph and gives more information about drag force and terminal velocity.</p> <p>The second file has the answers to the missing words and numbers.</p>

<p>The first file is aimed at testing the learning of the three states of matter.<br /> It has drop down menus and provides a summary of the topic.<br /> At the end it asks students to print out their sheet.</p>

<p>This powerpoint shows how rays refract through a glass prism for monochromatic light and white light.<br /> Includes normal, angle of deviation and dispersion.</p>

<p>This powerpoint shows how a ray of light refracts into and out of a parallel sided glass block. Includes normal, angle of incidence and angle of refraction. It also explains why water looks shallower than it really is, including real and apparent depth.<br /> (It also shows how spear fishermen will miss a fish if they aim for the image!)</p>

<p>This powerpoint shows how a de-exciting atom emits photons of different wavelengths.<br /> It then relates the energy jumps, in eV, to photon wavelengths, in nm, and therefore to their position in the line emission spectrum.<br /> It also shows, in animation, how an atom is ecited by collision and by a photon.<br /> Lastly it shows, in animation, how a fluorescent tube works.</p> <p>To aid understanding everything is done in stages so that each step can be explained.</p>

<p>The first file gives the construction of a moving coil loudspeaker and a description of how it works.<br /> The second file has the answers to the two missing words.<br /> The third file has question which require a knowledge of catapult fields and shows how the coil is forced in and out.<br /> The fourth file has the answers to the questions.</p>

<p>This powerpoint shows how to find the half-life of a radioisotope from a count-rate, corrected for background, versus time graph. It shows the randomness and the effect of not correcting for background.<br /> It also shows how to find the half-life from a number of undecayed nuclei versus time graph.</p>

<p>The first file covers Newtons three laws. It includes the definition of the newton, net force = ma and the relationship between net force, mass and acceleration. There are questions to consolidate understanding.<br /> It ends with questions on net force = ma and weight which get progressively harder.</p> <p>The second file has the answers to all the missing words and questions.</p>

<p>This powerpoint shows how rays reflect off a plane mirror. It explains how to draw an accurate ray diagram and image. It includes lateral inversion.<br /> Third and last slide shows how Pepper’s Ghost illusion works.</p>

<p>The first powerpoint uses rays travelling from glass into air and from water into air to illustrate TIR. Includes critical angle and critical ray. As an example of a use of TIR there is also a slide showing how light totally internally reflects along an optical fibre and illustrates the need for cladding glass.</p> <p>The second powerpoint shows how you can find the critical angle using a semicircular glass block and gives the two conditions necessary for TIR to occur.</p> <p>The third powerpoint is meant to reinforce the concept of TIR. It shows how 45 degree prisms can be used to turn a light ray through 90 degrees and through 180 degrees. A non-45 degree prism is used to further reinforce the concept of TIR.</p> <p><strong>Rays are drawn in stages to show all the steps in constructing an accurate ray diagram.</strong></p>

<p>This powerpoint shows how light rays travel through convex and concave lenses.<br /> It also shows the formation of images with the object at different distances from each type of lens.<br /> As an illustration of the use of a convex lens it includes showing how the camera and the magnifying glass each form an image.</p> <p><strong>Rays are drawn in stages to show all the steps in constructing an accurate ray diagram.</strong></p>