Plane polarized light will rotate in different directions when passing through different stereo isomers (from a pair of enantiomers). A polarimter measures the amount of rotation of this plane polarized light and can therefore identify which enantiomers is present. A racemic mixture (see 20.5.6) will not rotate the light.

Use the free Ipad or Android app to bring the images in the worksheet in to augmented 3D reality - its free -but a bastard to make - easy to use!

A brief outline of the structure of sodium chloride - a typical ionic lattice..

Video Tutorial: How to sketch, identify and analyse graphical representations for 0, 1st and 2nd order reactions

Video Tutorial: How to calculate protons/neutrons/electrons in atoms/ions from mass/atomic number and charge

Interpreting the following from 1H NMR spectra:<p>- number of peaks<br />- area under each peak<br />- chemical shift<br />- splitting patterns</p>

Video Tutorial: How to predict and explain the products of electrolysis of aqueous solutions

<b>Deduce chemical equations when all reactants and products are given</b><p>The same number of atoms and type of atom in the reactants as in the products are needed in balanced equations.</p>

Video Tutorial: How to describe the Metallic Bond as the Electrostatic Attraction

Lines of best fit at a point on a graph. Practice in Excel -- if you can get the darn thing to even make a graph!

Describe the operating principles of a double-beam IR spectrometer. A beam of IR radiation passes through a monochromator to select specific wavelengths. This beam is then split in 2 (by a beam splitter duh), half passes through the sample the other half through a reference. These 2 beams are then analysed to detect absorption patterns specific to functional groups.

Video Tutorial: How to distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases

<b>Identify Primary Secondary Tertiary Alcohols/Haloalkanes</b><p> 1) Find the halogen or OH 2) Find the attached carbon 3) How may carbons are attached to this carbon</p>

Video Tutorial: How to deduce the formula of the conjugate acid/base of any Br&#248;nsted-Lowry base/acid

Video Tutorial: How to detail the changes from ionic to covalent, basic to acidic, of period 3 oxides

Video Tutorial: Looking at the use of chiral auxiliaries to form the desired enantiomer

Video Tutorial: How to solve homogeneous equilibrium problems using the expression for Kc

Paper Chromatography uses cellulose as the stationary phase. Mixtures of inks or even sugars will partition between the stationary phase and the mobile phase (eluent). Mobile phases can be water, alcohol, propanone etc. Retention factor (Rf) values can be used to determine the components of the mixture. Rf = distance moved by component in mixture divided by distance moved vertically by eluent from base line TLC is used to separate biological mixtures (eg amino acids). The stationary phase here is alumina or silica.

RMM is the sum of the RAM in a molecular formula. <p> RAM is the weighted average of all the atoms of an element relative to C-12.</p>

Video Tutorial: Describing what is meant by reaction mechanism, order of reaction and rate-determining step.

Video Tutorial: How to distinguish between absorption and emission spectra and how each is produced