<p>Alexander II – ‘tsar liberator’ (1855-1881)<br /> Reforms</p> <ul> <li>emancipation of the serfs</li> <li>military reform</li> <li>judicial reform</li> <li>education and censorship reform</li> <li>local government reform</li> </ul> <p>Alexander III – ‘the reaction’ (1881-1894)<br /> Reversing Reforms</p> <ul> <li>education</li> <li>censorship</li> <li>law and order</li> <li>judiciary<br /> Nationalism</li> <li>Russification</li> <li>anti-Semitism</li> </ul> <p>comparison of the Tsars</p>

<ul> <li>How Edward IV regained the throne in 1471</li> <li>How he consolidated the throne in his second reign (policy towards the North, Ireland and Wales, Burgundy and Scotland, 1475 treaty of Picquingy)</li> <li>Edward IV domestic policy (law and order, royal finance)</li> <li>1471 battle of Barnet</li> <li>1471 battle of Tewksbury</li> <li>Edwards death</li> </ul>

<p>The origins of conflict, 1450–1459</p> <ul> <li>English society and politics in 1450: the weakness of Henry VI’s rule; baronial factions; Cade’s rebellion; the loss of Normandy</li> <li>The impact on English politics of the emerging power and influence of Richard of York</li> <li>The outbreak of war: the first Battle of St Albans and the balance of military power in 1455</li> <li>The uneasy peace: the influence of Margaret of Anjou; factional rivalries and their impact on English society</li> </ul> <p>The War of the Barons, 1459–1461</p> <ul> <li>The renewal of war: York’s flight into exile; the emergence of Warwick ‘the Kingmaker’; the capture of Henry VI at Northampton<br /> Filling the political vacuum: the rule of Richard of York as Protector of England</li> <li>Shifting loyalties and the Lancastrian revival: Wakefield; the second Battle of St Albans; the death of York and the restoration of Henry VI<br /> Proclamation of Edward IV as King; Yorkist victory at Towton; the strengths and weaknesses of the Yorkists by 1461</li> </ul> <p>The triumph of the Yorkists, 1461–1471</p> <ul> <li>The personal rule of Edward IV and the political impact of his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville</li> <li>Factional rivalries: Warwick ‘the Kingmaker’; attempts to restore Henry VI; Margaret of Anjou; Edward, Prince of Wales</li> <li>The crushing of the Lancastrian cause: Barnet and Tewkesbury; the destruction of the Lancastrian nobility</li> <li>The impact of the baronial wars on English society by 1471: the weakening of the aristocracy; the impact on trade and the economy</li> </ul>

<p>AQA Psychology notes on memory including<br /> -models of memory (multi-store model, working memory model + encoding, duration and capacity)<br /> -short and long term memory (types of long term)<br /> -explanations for forgetting (Interference, retrieval failure)<br /> -eyewitness testimony (factors affecting it and improving- cognitive interview)</p>

<ul> <li>the rise of Lenin</li> <li>1917 revolution</li> <li>the abdication of Nicholas II</li> <li>the provisonal government and dual authority</li> <li>end of the first world war</li> <li>bolshevik rise to power</li> <li>the civil war</li> <li>bolshevik opposition</li> <li>Lenin political control</li> <li>the New economic policy and war communism</li> <li>the Red Army and Cheka</li> <li>death of Lenin</li> <li>cult of personalty</li> </ul>

<ul> <li>Russo Japan war</li> <li>bloody sunday</li> <li>st petersburg soviet</li> <li>1905 revolution</li> <li>1905 October manifesto</li> <li>opposition (Liberals, Socialist Revolutionaries, Social democrats)</li> <li>society under Nicholas</li> <li>economy under Nicholas</li> <li>the rise of Lenin</li> </ul>

<ul> <li>Leadership struggle after Lenins death (bukharin, stalin, trotsky, kamenev, zinoviev)</li> <li>the rise of Stalin</li> <li>collectivisation</li> <li>Five year plans (1,2,3,4,5)</li> <li>the great terror (causes, moscow show trails, party purges, the NKVD, social political and economic consequences)</li> <li>second world war (Nazi soviet pact, stalin as a war leader, politics, society, economy, after the war)</li> <li>the cult of personality</li> <li>socialist realism</li> <li>cultural revolution</li> <li>Society</li> <li>economy</li> </ul>

<ul> <li>The loss of Normady</li> <li>Cade’s Rebellion 1450</li> <li>Dartford Coupe 1452</li> <li>First Battle of St Albans 1455</li> <li>Blore Heath 1459</li> <li>Northampton 1460</li> <li>Wakefield 1460</li> <li>Mortimers Cross 1461</li> <li>Second Battle of St Albans 1461</li> <li>Towton 1461</li> <li>Hedgeley Moor 1464</li> <li>Hexham 1464</li> <li>Edgecote 1469</li> <li>Losecoat Field 1470</li> </ul> <p>All including the causes, events, outcomes and impacts.</p>

<p>AQA Psychology notes includes</p> <ul> <li>classification and diagnosis (reliability and validity, positive and negative symptoms)</li> <li>Biological explanations (Genetics, Dopamine hypothesis, Neural correlates, Evaluation)</li> <li>Psychological explanations (Family dysfunction)</li> <li>Cognitive explanations (Dysfunctional thought processes)</li> <li>Drug therapy</li> <li>Psychological therapies (CBT, Family therapy, Token economies)</li> <li>The Interactionist approach (Diathesis stress model)</li> </ul>

<p>AQA issues and debates notes include</p> <ul> <li>gender and culture (gender bias and cultural bias)</li> <li>free will and determinism (definitions, biological environmental and psychic determinism, hard and soft determinism)</li> <li>nurture nature debate (importance of heredity and environment in determining behaviour, interactionist approach)</li> <li>holism and reductionism (biological and environmental reductionism, idiographic and nomathetic approaches, ethical implications of research)</li> </ul>

<p>AQA Biopsychology notes include</p> <ul> <li>Biopsychology (structure and function of neurons, process of synaptic transmission, division of the nervous system, the endocrine system, the fight or flight response)</li> <li>localisation of brain function (the centers of the brain including Broca and Wernicke, split brain research, plasticity and functional recovery after trauma)</li> <li>ways of studying the brain (fMRI’s, EEG’s, ERP’s and post mortem examinations)</li> <li>biological rhythms (Circadian, infradian, ultradian rhythms, endogenous pacemakers and exogenous zeitgebers, sleep wake cycle)</li> </ul>

<p>AQA psychology approaches notes includes</p> <ul> <li>the Origins of psychology</li> <li>the learning approaches (Behaviourist approach, Social learning theory)</li> <li>the cognitive approach (internal processes, schema, theoretical and computer models, cognitive neuroscience)</li> <li>the biological approach (evolution, genetic basis of behaviour)</li> <li>the psychodynamic approach (structure of personality, role of the unconscious, defence mechanisms, psychosexual stages)</li> <li>the humanistic approaches (Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, congruence, conditions of worth)</li> </ul>

<p>AQA psychology psychopathology notes include</p> <ul> <li>characteristics of disorders (behavioural, emotional and cognitive characteristics)</li> <li>phobias (behavioural explanation and treatment)</li> <li>depression (cognitive explanation and treatment)</li> <li>Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (Biological explanation and treatment)</li> <li>definitions of abnormality (deviation from social norms, failure to function, statistical infrequency, deviation from ideal mental health)</li> </ul>

<p>AQA Psychology notes for social influence<br /> Includes<br /> -Conformity: Types, Asch, Zimbardo and Explanations<br /> -Obedience: Milgram, Explanations (including dispositional and situational)<br /> -Independant Behaviour: Explanations of resistance to social influence (social support and locus of control)<br /> -Minority Influence and social change</p>

<ul> <li>the rise of Khrushchev</li> <li>Khrushchevs Russia</li> <li>opposition</li> <li>economy (industry and agriculture)</li> <li>society</li> <li>politics</li> <li>the fall of Khrushchev</li> </ul>