A* Grade A Level AQA Philosophy Utilitarianism Notes for specification 7172 following every point on the specification.
Utilitarianism
The question of what is meant by ‘utility’ and ‘maximising utility’, including:
Jeremy Bentham’s quantitative hedonistic utilitarianism (his utility calculus)
John Stuart Mill’s qualitative hedonistic utilitarianism (higher and lower pleasures) and his ‘proof’ of the greatest happiness principle
non-hedonistic utilitarianism (including preference utilitarianism)
act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism.
Issues, including:
whether pleasure is the only good (Nozick’s experience machine)
fairness and individual liberty/rights (including the risk of the ‘tyranny of the majority’)
problems with calculation (including which beings to include)
issues around partiality
whether utilitarianism ignores both the moral integrity and the intentions of the individual.
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