A Level Organic Chemistry (OCR)

17 well structured chemistry lessons plus a BONUS revision summary covering topics in Module 6 of the OCR Specification: **Organic Chemistry **

*Note: Lessons on Analysis: chromatography, qualitative analysis of functional groups and NMR spectroscopy are sold as a separate bundle in my shop) *

Lesson 1: Benzene and its Structure

To describe the Kekulé model of benzene
To describe the delocalised model of benzene in terms of P orbital overlap forming a delocalised π system
To compare the Kekulé model of benzene and the delocalised model of benzene
To explain the experimental evidence which supports the delocalised model of benzene in terms of bond lengths, enthalpy change of hydrogenation and resistance to reaction

Lesson 2: Naming Aromatic Compounds

To state the IUPAC name of substituted aromatic compounds
Construct the structure of aromatic compounds based on their IUPAC names
To analyse the correct numbering system for di and trisubstituted aromatic compounds

Lesson 3: The Reactions of Benzene

To understand the electrophilic substitution of aromatic compounds with:
(i) concentrated nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid
(ii) a halogen in the presence of a halogen carrier
(iii) a haloalkane or acyl chloride in the presence of a halogen carrier (Friedel–Crafts reaction) and its importance to synthesis by formation of a C–C bond to an aromatic ring
To construct the mechanism of electrophilic substitution in arenes

Lesson 4: Phenols

To recall and explain the electrophilic substitution reactions of phenol:
with bromine to form 2,4,6-tribromophenol
(ii) with dilute nitric acid to form a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol
To explain the relative ease of electrophilic substitution of phenol compared with benzene, in terms of electron pair donation to the π-system from an oxygen p-orbital in phenol
To understand the weak acidity of phenols shown by its neutralisation reaction with NaOH but absence of reaction with carbonates

Lesson 5: Directing Groups in Aromatic Compounds

To understand the 2- and 4-directing effect of electron- donating groups (OH, NH2) and the 3-directing effect of electron-withdrawing groups (NO2) in electrophilic substitution of aromatic compounds

To predict the substitution products of aromatic compounds by directing effects in organic synthesis

Lesson 6: Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds

To understand the oxidation of aldehydes using Cr2O72-/H+ to form carboxylic acids
To understand nucleophilic addition reactions of carbonyl compounds with:
NaBH4 to form alcohols
HCN (NaCN (aq)/H+ (aq)) to form hydroxynitriles
To construct the mechanism for nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones with NaBH4 and HCN

Lesson 7: Testing for Carbonyl Compounds

To understand the use of Tollens’ reagent to:
(i) detect the presence of an aldehyde group
(ii) distinguish between aldehydes and ketones, explained in terms of the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids with reduction of silver ions to silver

To understand the use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to:
(i) detect the presence of a carbonyl group in an organic compound
(ii) identify a carbonyl compound from the melting point of the derivative

Lesson 8: Carboxylic acids and Esters

To explain the water solubility of carboxylic acids in terms of hydrogen bonding
To recall the reactions in aqueous conditions of carboxylic acids with metals and bases (including carbonates, metal oxides and alkalis)
To know the esterification of: (i) carboxylic acids with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst (ii) acid anhydrides with alcohols
To know the hydrolysis of esters: (i) in hot aqueous acid to form carboxylic acids and alcohols (ii) in hot aqueous alkali to form carboxylate salts and alcohols

Lesson 9: Acyl Chlorides and Their Reactions

To know how to name acyl chlorides
To recall the equation for the formation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids using SOCl2
To construct equations for the use of acyl chlorides in the synthesis of esters, carboxylic acids and primary and secondary amides

Lesson 10: Introduction to Amines

To know how to name amines using IUPAC rules
To understand the basicity of amines in terms of proton acceptance by the nitrogen lone pair
To understand the reactions of amines with dilute inorganic acids

Lesson 11: Preparation of Amines

To know the reaction steps involved in the preparation of aromatic amines by reduction of nitroarenes using tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid
To know the reaction steps involved in the preparation of aliphatic amines by substitution of haloalkanes with excess ethanolic ammonia or amines
To explain the reaction conditions that favours the formation of a primary aliphatic amine
To explain the reaction conditions that favours the formation of a quaternary ammonium salt

Lesson 12: Amino Acids and Their Reactions

To know the general formula for an α-amino acid as RCH(NH2)COOH
To understand the following reactions of amino acids:
(i) reaction of the carboxylic acid group with alkalis and in the formation of esters
(ii) reaction of the amine group with acids

Lesson 13: Chirality

To know that optical isomerism is an example of stereoisomerism, in terms of non- superimposable mirror images about a chiral centre
To identify chiral centres in a molecule of any organic compound.
To construct 3D diagrams of optical isomers including organic compounds and transition metal complexes

Lesson 14: Amides

To review the synthesis of primary and secondary amides
To understand the structures of primary and secondary amides
To name primary and secondary amides

Lesson 15: Condensation Polymers

To know that condensation polymerisation can lead to the formation of i) polyesters ii) polyamides
To predict from addition and condensation polymerisation:
i) the repeat unit from a given monomer(s)
(ii) the monomer(s) required for a given section of a polymer molecule
(iii) the type of polymerisation
To understand the acid and base hydrolysis of i) the ester groups in polyesters ii) the amide groups in polyamides

Lesson 16: Practical Skills in Organic Synthesis (Yr13)

To describe the techniques and procedures used for the purification of organic solids including:
filtration under reduced pressure
recrystallisation
measurement of melting points

Lesson 17: Synthetic Routes in Organic Synthesis (Y13)

To identify individual functional groups for an organic molecule containing several functional groups
To predict the properties and reactions of organic molecules containing several functional groups
To create multi-stage synthetic routes for preparing organic compounds

Synthetic Routes Revision Summary

A 14 page summary of all the organic synthesis reactions from the AS and A level OCR Chemistry specification. Students will be able to use this resource directly as part of their revision on organic synthesis/synthetic routes or can make flashcards from them. Reagents and reaction conditions are also included where applicable

Reaction summaries include:

nucelophilic substitution reactions* elimination reactions* free radical substitution reactions* electrophilic addition reactions* oxidation reactions* reduction reactions* electrophilic substitution reactions* reactions of phenols* carbon-carbon formation reactions* reactions of carboxylic acids* reactions of acyl chlorides* polymerisation reactions* hydrolysis reactions* amine synthesis reactions*

Declaimer: Please refrain from purchasing this popular resource for an interview lesson or a formal observation. This is because planning your own lessons including using your own lesson PowerPoints is a fundamental skill of a qualified/unqualified teacher that will be reviewed during these scenarios outlined above