AQA A Level Psychology Attachment - Animal studies

AQA A Level Psychology Attachment

Attachment 4.1.3 Animal studies Animal Studies of Attachment: Lorenz, Imprinting and the Greylag Geese inc. sexual imprinting Evaluation inc. Guiton (1966) Harlow (1958) classic study and evaluations inc. (Howe 1998) Explanations of attachment: Learning theory inc. Dollard & Miller (1950) Classical conditioning recap, Operant conditioning inc drive reduction Sears et al (1957) Evaluation: Reciprocity and interactional synchrony Dale Hay and Jo Vespo (1988) newer learning theory Explanations of attachment: Bowlby’s theory inc internal working model and continuity hypothesis Social releasers and the critical period Evaluation ref Schaffer and Emerson (1964) Caregiver-Infant Interactions inc reciprocity (Feldman 2007) and interactional synchrony (Meltzoff and Moore 1977, Isabella 1989) Evaluation of reciprocity and interactional synchrony The Role of the Father: Bowlby and evaluation;Schaffer and Emerson (1964) , Grossman (2002), Field (1978), MacCallum and Golombok (2004) Schaffer’s stages of attachment: Schaffer & Emerson(1964) full breakdown and evaluations Ainsworth’s ‘Strange situation’ : Ainsworth and Bell (1969) full breakdown, types and evaluations Cross-Cultural Variations in attachment type ref to Ainsworth Explantion individualistic and collectivist cultures with examples Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988) meta-analysis of Strange Situation studies, complete breakdown and evalautions Other studies of cultural variations: Simonella et al (2014), Jin et al (2012) 16 marker with exam break down and marks Bowlby’s Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis: John Bowlby (1951) Separation vs deprivation and the critical period Effects on development:Intellectual Goldfarb (1955), Emotional Bowlby’s 44 Thieves Study (1944) Evaluations; Czech Twins Case Study – (Koluchová, 1976) Effects of Institutionalisation; Bowlby's Maternal Deprivation hypothesis Rutter (1998) – Romanian Orphans - complete breakdown The Bucharest Early Intervention Project - Zeanah et al. (2005) Effects of institutionalisation; Disinhibited attachment, Evaluation of Research into the Effects of Institutionalisation - PEE paragraphs The Influence of Early Attachments on Later Relationships - Bowlby (1969), Attachment type (Kerns 1994), bullying (Rowan Myron-Wilson and Peter Smith 1998) Relationships in Adulthood with Romantic Partners: Gerard McCarthy (1999), The Love Quiz Hazen and Shaver (1987) Relationships in Adulthood as a Parent: Bailey et al (2007) Evaluations of influence of attachment on adult relationships Scenarios throughout and potential exam questions for this topic at the end.