AQA A Level Psychology Attachment
Attachment 4.1.3 Animal studies
Animal Studies of Attachment: Lorenz, Imprinting and the Greylag Geese inc. sexual imprinting
Evaluation inc. Guiton (1966)
Harlow (1958) classic study and evaluations inc. (Howe 1998)
Explanations of attachment: Learning theory inc. Dollard & Miller (1950)
Classical conditioning recap, Operant conditioning inc drive reduction Sears et al (1957)
Evaluation: Reciprocity and interactional synchrony
Dale Hay and Jo Vespo (1988) newer learning theory
Explanations of attachment: Bowlby’s theory inc internal working model and continuity hypothesis
Social releasers and the critical period
Evaluation ref Schaffer and Emerson (1964)
Caregiver-Infant Interactions inc reciprocity (Feldman 2007) and interactional synchrony (Meltzoff and Moore 1977, Isabella 1989)
Evaluation of reciprocity and interactional synchrony
The Role of the Father: Bowlby and evaluation;Schaffer and Emerson (1964) , Grossman (2002), Field (1978), MacCallum and Golombok (2004)
Schaffer’s stages of attachment: Schaffer & Emerson(1964) full breakdown and evaluations
Ainsworth’s ‘Strange situation’ : Ainsworth and Bell (1969) full breakdown, types and evaluations
Cross-Cultural Variations in attachment type ref to Ainsworth
Explantion individualistic and collectivist cultures with examples
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988) meta-analysis of Strange Situation studies, complete breakdown and evalautions
Other studies of cultural variations: Simonella et al (2014), Jin et al (2012)
16 marker with exam break down and marks
Bowlby’s Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis: John Bowlby (1951)
Separation vs deprivation and the critical period
Effects on development:Intellectual Goldfarb (1955), Emotional Bowlby’s 44 Thieves Study (1944)
Evaluations; Czech Twins Case Study – (Koluchová, 1976)
Effects of Institutionalisation; Bowlby's Maternal Deprivation hypothesis
Rutter (1998) – Romanian Orphans - complete breakdown
The Bucharest Early Intervention Project - Zeanah et al. (2005)
Effects of institutionalisation; Disinhibited attachment,
Evaluation of Research into the Effects of Institutionalisation - PEE paragraphs
The Influence of Early Attachments on Later Relationships - Bowlby (1969), Attachment type (Kerns 1994), bullying (Rowan Myron-Wilson and Peter Smith 1998)
Relationships in Adulthood with Romantic Partners: Gerard McCarthy (1999), The Love Quiz Hazen and Shaver (1987)
Relationships in Adulthood as a Parent: Bailey et al (2007)
Evaluations of influence of attachment on adult relationships
Scenarios throughout and potential exam questions for this topic at the end.
