This lesson guides students through the use of the chi-squared test to test the significance of differences between observed and expected results. It is fully-resourced with a detailed PowerPoint and differentiated task worksheets that have been designed to cover point 16.2 (d) of the CIE International A-level Biology specification which states that students should be able to use this statistical test to determine the significance.
The lesson has been written to include a step-by-step guide that demonstrates how to carry out the test in small sections. At each step, time is taken to explain any parts which could cause confusion and helpful hints are provided to increase the likelihood of success in exam questions on this topic. Students will understand how to use the phenotypic ratio to calculate the expected numbers and then how to find the critical value in order to compare it against the chi-squared value. A worked example is used to show the working which will be required to access the marks and then the main task challenges the students to apply their knowledge to a series of questions of increasing difficulty.
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Maths in A-level Biology (CIE A-level Biology)
Without doubt, the CIE A-level Biology specification contains a lot of maths calculations and every year, there are a large number of exam questions that require the application of a range of mathematical skills. Therefore, a clear understanding of how and when to apply these skills is closely related to success on this course and the following calculations are covered by the 7 lessons that are included in this bundle: * Using the eyepiece graticule and stage micrometer to measure cells and be familiar with units * Calculating actual sizes of specimens from drawings, photomicrographs and electron micrographs * Using the chi-squared test to determine significance between the observed and expected results of a genetic cross * Use the t-test to compare the variation of two populations * Using the Hardy Weinberg principle to calculate allele, genotype and phenotype frequencies in populations * Use Spearman's rank correlation to analyse relationships between the distribution and abundance of species and abiotic or biotic factors * Using Simpson’s index of diversity to calculate the biodiversity of a habitat All of the lessons contain step by step guides that walk the students through the application of the formulae and there are lots of worked examples and exam-style questions for the students to use to assess understanding
Topic 16: Inherited change (CIE A-level Biology)
Meiosis, genetic inheritance and the control of gene expression are some of the harder topics on this A-level Biology course and all three are covered in topic 16 (Inherited change) of the CIE A-level Biology specification. The 10 lessons included in this bundle have been planned at length and contain a wide range of tasks that cover the detailed content whilst checking on understanding and key terms and values are introduced through engaging quiz competitions. The following topic 16 specification points are covered by these lessons: Topic 16.1 * The meaning of a homologous pair of chromosomes * The behaviour of chromosomes in animal and plant cells during meiosis * Genetic variation is caused by crossing over, random assortment and the random fusion of gametes at fertilisation Topic 16.2 * The meaning of key genetic terms * Using genetic diagrams to solve problems involving mohohybrid and dihybrid crosses, including those involving autosomal linkage, sex linkage, codominance, multiple alleles and gene interactions * Use the chi-squared test to test the significance of differences between observed and expected results * Gene mutations occur by substitution, deletion and insertion and may affect the phenotype Topic 16.3 * The genetic control of protein production in a prokaryote as shown by the lac operon * The function of transcription factors in gene expression in eukaryotes * Gibberellins and DELLA protein repressors If you would like to sample the quality of the lessons included in this bundle, then download the autosomal linkage and chi-squared test lessons as these have been uploaded for free
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Yet another great resource. Easy to follow. Thank you for sharing this.
Excelent resource! Very clear examples that were easy to follow. Thank you,
examples are clear and easy to follow. thank you
Clear examples and easy to follow.
Fantastic resource - clear well laid out worked example and further problems. Saved me hours of work! Thank you
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