GCSE PE - Muscular System

GCSE PE - Paper 1

**Contents** **Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration** Starter Aerobic respiration definition Sporting examples of aerobic respiration Aerobic respiration equation Anaerobic respiration definition Sporting examples of anaerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration equation Oxygen debt Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Blood Components** Starter Blood components Transportation of gases Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Blood Flow** Starter Heart Rate Stroke Volume Cardiac Output Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Blood Vessels** Starter Arteries structure and functions Veins structure and functions Capillaries structure and functions Vascular Shunting Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Components of Fitness** Starter Muscular endurance – definition and practical examples Strength – definition and practical examples Balance – definition and practical examples Flexibility – definition and practical examples Cardiovascular endurance – definition and practical examples Speed – definition and practical examples Power – definition and practical examples Agility – definition and practical examples Reaction time – definition and practical examples Coordination – definition and practical examples Questions to facilitate learning / plenary Gaseous Exchange Starter Process of gaseous exchange with diagrams Diffusion Recap of pathway of air leading to gaseous exchange Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Injuries and Prevention** Starter Types of injuries Description of each injury (Head, spinal, fracture, dislocation, sprain, strain, and blisters) Sporting examples that can cause them Description of each Injury prevention (personal protective equipment, clothing and footwear, level of competition, lifting and carrying equipment, warm-up, and cool-down) Sporting examples of injury prevention Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Joints** Starter Synovial joint structure Types of joints Articulating bones Types of movement at each joint with sporting examples Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Levers** Starter Components of levers Structure of all lever classes with sporting examples Mechanical advantage Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Methods of Testing** Starter 1 minute press-up test 1 minute sit up test Handgrip dynamometer 1 rep max Stork stand test Sit and reach test Multistage fitness test 12-minute cooper run 30m sprint test Vertical jump test Standing jump Illinois agility run Ruler drop test Wall throw test Reliability and validity Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Methods of Training** Starter Methods of training definitions Why are each method of training important? Training examples for each method Questions to facilitate learning / plenary Muscular System Starter Name and location of muscles Types of muscles Antagonistic pairs Fixators Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Planes and Axis** Starter Name and location of each plane and axis Type of movement at each plane Type of rotation on each axis Sporting examples for each plane and axis Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Principles of Training** Starter Principles of training definitions Principles of training examples FITT principle Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Respiratory System** Starter Pathway of air Key features of respiratory system Mechanics of inspiration Mechanics of expiration Lung volumes Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Risk Assessing** Starter Why is risk assessments carried out? Small template of a risk assessment Types of hazards that can be found in sporting venues, including sports hall, fitness centre, swimming pool, artificial areas, playing field Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Short and Long Term Effects** Starter Short term effects on the cardiovascular system Long term effects on the cardiovascular system Short term effects on the muscular system Long term effects on the muscular system Short term effects on the respiratory system Long term effects on the respiratory system Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Skeletal System** Starter Name and location of bones Functions of the skeleton Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **The Heart** Starter Structure of the heart Blood flow through the heart and out Questions to facilitate learning / plenary **Warm-Up and Cool-Down** Starter Warm-up components with explanation and examples Benefits of a warm-up Cool-down components with explanation and examples Benefits of a cool-down Considerations when planning a warm-up and cool-down Questions to facilitate learning / plenary