pptx, 2.4 MB
pptx, 2.4 MB
docx, 58.22 KB
docx, 58.22 KB

This detailed lesson describes how the crossing over of alleles and the independent assortment in meiosis contribute to genetic variation. The PowerPoint and accompanying resource have been designed to cover specification point 3.10 of the Edexcel International A-level Biology specification and includes describes how the fertilisation of the haploid gametes that were formed by meiosis increases variation further.

In order to understand how the events of meiosis like crossing over and random assortment and independent segregation can lead to variation, students need to be clear in their understanding that DNA replication in interphase results in homologous chromosomes as pairs of sister chromatids. Therefore the beginning of the lesson focuses on the chromosomes in the parent cell and this first part of the cycle and students will be introduced to non-sister chromatids and the fact that they may contain different alleles which is important for the exchange that occurs during crossing over. Time is taken to go through this event in prophase I in a step by step guide so that the students can recognise that the result can be new combinations of alleles that were not present in the parent cell. Moving forwards, the lesson explores how the independent segregation of chromosomes and chromatids during anaphase I and II results in genetically different gametes. The final part of the lesson looks at the use of a mathematical expression to calculate the possible combinations of alleles in gametes as well as in a zygote following the random fertilisation of haploid gametes. Understanding and prior knowledge checks are interspersed throughout the lesson as well as a series of exam questions which challenge the students to apply their knowledge to potentially unfamiliar situations.

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Topic 3: Cell structure, Reproduction & Development (Edexcel International A-level Biology)

The locus and linkage, meiosis, differential gene expression and protein transport within cells lessons have been uploaded for free and by downloading these, you will be able to observe the detail of planning that has gone into all of the lessons that are included in this bundle. This intricate planning ensures that the students are engaged and motivated whilst the detailed content of topic 3 (Cell structure, Reproduction and Development) of the Edexcel International A-level Biology specification is covered. The 12 lesson PowerPoints and accompanying resources contain a wide range of activities which cover the following topic 3 specification points: * All living organisms are made of cells * Cells of multicellular organisms are organised into tissues, organs and organ systems * The ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells * The function of the organelles in eukaryotic animal cells * The role of the RER and Golgi apparatus in protein transport within cells * The ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells * Magnification and resolution in light and electron microscopes * The gene locus is the location of a gene on a chromosome * The linkage of genes on a chromosome * The role of meiosis in ensuring genetic variation * Understand how the mammalian gametes are specialised for their functions * The role of mitosis and the cell cycle in growth and asexual reproduction * The meaning of the terms stem cell, pluripotent, totipotent, morula and blastocyst * The decisions that have to be made about the use of stem cells in medical therapies * Cells become specialised through differential gene expression * One gene can give rise to more than one protein through post-transcriptional changes to mRNA * Phenotype is the interaction between genotype and the environment * Some phenotypes are affected by multiple alleles or by polygenic inheritance Due to the detail included in all of these lessons, it is estimated that it will take in excess of 6 weeks of allocated A-level teaching time to complete the teaching of the bundle

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