This lesson outlines how penicillin acts on bacteria and why antibiotics do not affect viruses. The PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been designed to cover point 10.2 (a) of the CIE A-level Biology specification and also introduces the concept of bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics, as illustrated by penicillin and tetracycline.
The lesson begins with an engaging task, where the students have to identify the surnames of famous scientists from their descriptions to reveal the surname Fleming. This introduces Sir Alexander Fleming as the microbiologist who discovered penicillin in 1928. Time is taken to describe penicillin as a group of antibiotics that contain a beta-lactam ring in their molecular structure. Using this information and their knowledge of bacterial cell structure from topic 1, the students have to complete a passage describing how penicillin inhibits the formation of cross links in cell wall synthesis. A series of exam-style questions are then used to make links to the upcoming topic of antibiotic resistance.
The next part of the lesson focuses on the differences between bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics and the students will learn that penicillin is bactericidal as the weakening of the cell wall leads to lysis and death. Tetracycline is used as the example of a bacteriostatic antibiotic and students will discover that it is the prevention of the binding of tRNA that inhibits protein synthesis and that this reduction and prevention of growth and reproduction is synonymous with these antimicrobial agents. Students are challenged on their knowledge of translation and will also be given time for a class discussion to understand that these antibiotics work in tandem the body’s immune system to overcome the pathogen
The final part of the lesson explains why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses.
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Topic 10: Infectious diseases (CIE A-level Biology)
This lesson bundle contains 4 lessons, which are fully-resourced and are filled with a range of tasks to engage and motivate the students whilst covering the following specification points in topic 10 of the CIE A-level Biology specification: 10.1 [a]: Define the term disease and explain the difference between an infectious disease and a non-infectious disease [b]: State the name and type of causative organism of cholera, malaria, TB, HIV/AIDS, smallpox and measles [c]: Explain how cholera, malaria, TB and HIV are transmitted 10.2 [a]: Outline how penicillin acts on bacteria and why antibiotics do not affect viruses [b]: Explain in outline how bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics with reference to mutation and selection [c]: Discuss the consequences of antibiotic resistance and the steps that can be taken to reduce its impact Included in the tasks are exam-style questions, and the mark schemes for each of these are embedded into the PowerPoint to allow the students to assess their progress
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Topics 10 & 11: Infectious disease & Immunity (CIE A-level Biology)
This lesson bundle contains 9 detailed and engaging lessons which have been designed to cover the following content in topics 10 & 11 of the CIE A-level Biology specification: 10.1: Infectious diseases * The meaning of the term disease and the difference between infectious and non-infectious diseases * The name and type of pathogen that causes cholera, malaria, TB, HIV/AIDS, smallpox and measles * Explain how cholera, malaria, TB, HIV and measles are transmitted 10.2: Antibiotics * Outline how penicillin acts on bacteria and why antibiotics do not affect viruses * Outline how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics with reference to mutation and selection * Discuss the consequences of antibiotic resistance and the steps that can be taken to reduce its impact 11.1: The immune system * State that phagocytes have their origin in bone marrow and describe their mode of action * Describe the modes of action of B and T lymphocytes * The meaning of the term immune response, with reference to antigens, self and non-self * Explain the role of memory cells in long term immunity * Autoimmune diseases as exemplified by myasthenia gravis 11.2: Antibodies and vaccination * Relate the molecular structure of antibodies to their functions * Distinguish between active and passive, natural and artificial immunity and explain how vaccination can control disease Each of the lesson PowerPoints is accompanied by worksheets which together contain a wide range of tasks that will engage and motivate the students whilst challenging them on their understanding of the current topic as well as previously-covered topics. If you would like to get an understanding of the quality of the lessons in this bundle, then download the transmission of infectious diseases and phagocytes and phagocytosis lessons as these have been shared for free.
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