This fully-resourced lesson describes how the eukaryotic cells of complex multicellular organisms become specialised for specific functions. The detailed and engaging PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been designed to cover the 3rd part of point 2.1.1 of the AQA A-level Biology specification and also describes how these specialised cells are organised into tissues, organs and organ systems.
The start of the lesson focuses on the difference in the SA/V ratio of an amoeba and a human in order to begin to explain why the process of differentiation is critical for multicellular organisms. Students will discover that a zygote is a stem cell which can express all of the genes in its genome and divide by mitosis. Time is then taken to introduce gene expression as this will need to be understood in the later topics of the course. Moving forwards, the lesson uses the process of haematopoiesis from haematopoietic stem cells to demonstrate how the red blood cell and neutrophil differ significantly in structure despite arising from the same cell along the same cell lineage. A series of exam-style questions will not only challenge their knowledge of structure but also their ability to apply this knowledge to unfamiliar situations. These differences in cell structure is further exemplified by the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and students will understand why the shape and arrangement of these cells differ in the trachea and alveoli in line with function. The link between specialised cells and tissues is made at this point of the lesson with these examples of epithelium and students will also see how tissues are grouped into organs and then into organ systems.
The remainder of the lesson focuses on specialised plant cells and the differing shapes and features of the palisade and spongy mesophyll cells and the guard cells are covered at length and in detail. Step by step guides will support the students so that they can recognise the importance of the structures and links are made to upcoming topics such as diffusion, active transport and osmosis so that students are prepared for these when covered in the future.
This lesson has been written to continually tie in with the previous two lessons in this specification point which are uploaded under the titles of the structure of eukaryotic animal and plant cells.
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Topic 2: Cells (AQA A-level Biology)
This bundle contains 20 PowerPoint lessons, and all are highly-detailed and are fully-resourced with differentiated worksheets. Intricate planning means that the wide range of activities included in these lessons will engage and motivate the students, check on their current understanding and their ability to make links to previously covered topics and most importantly will deepen their understanding of the following specification points in topic 2 (Cells) of the AQA A-level Biology specification: * Structure and function of the organelles in eukaryotic cells * The specialised cells in complex, multicellular organisms * The structure of prokaryotic cells * The structure of viruses which are acellular and non-living * Measuring objects under an optical microscope * Use of the magnification formula * The principles of cell fractionation and ultracentrifugation * The behaviour of chromosomes during the stages of the cell cycle * Calculating the mitotic index * Uncontrolled cell division leads to the formation of tumours and cancer * Binary fission * The basic structure of cell membranes * The role of phospholipids, proteins, glycoproteins, glycolipids and cholesterol * Simple diffusion * Facilitated diffusion * Osmosis, explained in terms of water potential * The role of carrier proteins and the hydrolysis of ATP in active transport * Co-transport as illustrated by the absorption of sodium ions and glucose by the cells lining the mammalian ileum * Recognition of different cells by the immune system * The identification of pathogens from antigens * The phagocytosis of pathogens * The cellular response involving T lymphocytes * The humoral response involving the production of antibodies by plasma cells * The structure of an antibody * The roles of plasma cells and memory cells in the primary and secondary immune response * The use of vaccines to protect populations * The differences between active and passive immunity * The structure of the human immunodeficiency virus and its replication in helper T cells * Why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses * The use of antibodies in the ELISA test If you would like to sample the quality of these lessons, then download the eukaryotic animal cells, viruses, osmosis, lymphocytes, HIV and AIDS lessons as these have been shared for free. I have also uploaded lessons on optical microscopes and HIV and AIDS (for free) but neither are included in this bundle as the limit of 20 resources has been reached!
£30.00
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Topic 2.1: Cell structure (AQA A-level Biology)
This bundle of 9 lesson PowerPoints and accompanying resources contain a wide variety of tasks which will engage and motivate the students whilst covering the details of topic 2.1 of the AQA A-level Biology specification. Cells and their structure are linked to all of the other 7 topics in this course so a clear understanding is critical to a student's success. The tasks which include exam-style questions (with displayed mark schemes), discussion points and quiz competitions will cover the following parts of topic 2.1: * The structure and function of the cell-surface membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, RER and SER, cell wall and cell vacuole * The specialised cells of complex, multicellular organisms * The structures of a typical prokaryotic cell * The differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells * The structure of viruses * The principles and limitations of optical microscopes, transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes * Measuring the size of an object using an optical microscope * Using the magnification formula * The principles of cell fractionation and ultracentrifugation If you would like to sample the quality of these lessons, then download the eukaryotic animal cells, viruses and microscopes lessons as these have been uploaded for free
£14.00
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