This fully-resourced lesson describes the use of vaccinations to protect individuals and populations and the differences between active and passive immunity. The engaging PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been designed to cover the fourth part of point 2.4 of the AQA A-level Biology specification and there is also a description and discussion on the concept of herd immunity.
The previous lesson finished with a series of exam questions where students observed differences between the primary and secondary immune responses so the start of this lesson uses an imaginary game of TOP TRUMPS to challenge them on the depth of their understanding. This will act to remind them that a larger concentration of antibodies is produced in a quicker time in the secondary response. The importance of antibodies and the production of memory cells for the development of immunity is emphasised and this will be continually referenced as the lesson progresses. The students will learn that this response of the body to a pathogen that has entered the body through natural processes is natural active immunity. Moving forwards, time is taken to look at vaccinations as an example of artificial active immunity. Another series of questions focusing on the MMR vaccine will challenge the students to explain how the deliberate exposure to antigenic material activates the immune response and leads to the retention of memory cells. A quick quiz competition is used to introduce the variety of forms that the antigenic material can take along with examples of diseases that are vaccinated against using these methods. The eradication of smallpox is used to describe the concept of herd immunity and the students are given time to consider the scientific questions and concerns that arise when the use of this pathway is a possible option for a government. The remainder of the lesson looks at the different forms of passive immunity and describes the drawbacks in terms of the need for a full response if a pathogen is reencoutered.
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Topic 2: Cells (AQA A-level Biology)
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Topic 2.4: Cell recognition and the immune system (AQA A-level Biology)
This bundle contains 6 lesson PowerPoints and their accompanying resources, all of which have been planned at length to contain a wide variety of tasks that will engage and motivate the students whilst the detailed content of topic 2.4 of the AQA A-level Biology specification is covered. The following specification points are covered in this lesson bundle: * The identification of cells including pathogens through use of the surface molecules * The antigen * The effect of antigen variability on disease and disease prevention * The phagocytosis of pathogens and the subsequent destruction by lysozymes * The response of T lymphocytes to a foreign antigen in the cellular response * The role of antigen-presenting cells * The role of helper T cells * The response of B lymphocytes in the humoral response * The definition and structure of an antibody * The formation of an antigen-antibody complex and the destruction by agglutination and phagocytosis * The roles of plasma cells and memory cells in the primary and secondary responses * The use of vaccinations and the concept of herd immunity * The differences between active and passive immunity * The structure of HIV and its replication in helper T cells * How HIV causes the symptoms of AIDS * Why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses * The use of antibodies in the ELISA test The variety of tasks include exam-style questions with detailed mark schemes, class discussion points of selected questions and quiz competitions to introduce values and terms in a memorable way If you would like to sample the quality of this lesson bundle, then download the roles of B and T lymphocytes lesson and the HIV and AIDS lesson as these have both been uploaded for free
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