The following sub-topics are covered in this section.
1.Homologous series
2. Formulae in organic chemistry
3.Isomerism
4.Functional groups
5. Types of organic chemical reaction
6. IUPAC naming of organic compounds
The notes are included:
Alkanes
Properties of alkanes
Uses of alkanes
Members of the alkane homologous series
Naming alkanes
Isomers of alkanes
chemical reactions of alkanes
**Alkenes **
Properties of alkenes
uses of alkenes
Members of the alkene homologous series
Naming alkenes
Isomers of alkenes
Chemical reactions of alkenes
The notes include the followings:
• Definitions and concept of synthetic polymers
• Addition polymers
• Drawing the repeat unit of an addition polymer, including poly(ethene), poly(propene), poly(chloroethene) and (poly)tetrafluoroethene
• Deducing the structure of a monomer from the repeat unit of an addition polymer
• Explaining problems in the disposal of addition polymers, including:their inertness and inability to biodegrade and the production of toxic gases when they are burned.
• Condensation polymerisation, in which a dicarboxylic acid reacts with a diol, produces a polyester and water
• Writing the structural and displayed formula of a polyester, showing the repeat unit, given the formulae of the monomers from which it is formed including the reaction of ethanedioic acid and ethanediol
• Learning about biopolyesters
The bundle includes:
Concept of Hydrocarbons
Fractional distillation of crude oil
Uses of fractions
Cracking hydrocarbons
Environmental issue related with fossil fuel and solutions
Alkanes full lesson notes
Alkenes full lesson notes
The reinforcement workbook is based on following in according to the new specification from 2023:
Formulae, functional groups , naming and terminology
Fuel
Alkane
Alkene
Alcohol
Carboxylic acid
Cracking
polymers
The complete revision notes are included the followings according to the specification:
Ionic bonding
Evidence of existing of ions
Electronegativity
Polarisation of ions
Drawing ionic compounds
Covalent bonding ( simple molecular, dative covalent and giant lattice)
Formation sigma and pi bonds
Bond length and bond enthalpy
Drawing covalent molecules and structures
polar covalent molecules
shapes of molecules
Metalic bonding
**The complete revision note is included:
History of atom
Atomic structure
History of the periodic table
Introduction to periodic table
Group properties and reactions of :
Group 1
Group 7
Group 0
**
The complete revision note is included the concept and guidance for the students who are preparing for EDEXCEL - IAL ( AS) level chemistry. The lesson provide the complete knowledge to solve Unit -3 core practical as well.
This lesson notes provide the complete knowledge of halogenoalkanes in according to the specification.
Introduction
Nucleophilic reactions with mechanisms
Elemination reactions with mechanisms
Necleophili vs. elemination reactions.
Depletion of Ozone layer
The complete revision notes are included the followings according to the specification:
Ionic bonding
Covalent bonding ( simple molecular, dative covalent and giant lattice)
Electronegativity
Metallic bonding
Formation sigma and pi bonds
Bond length and bond enthalpy
Drawing covalent molecules and structures
polar covalent molecules
shapes of molecules
Intermolecular forces
The complete revision notes of Bonding structure and the properties of matter covers the followings:
Ionic bonding
Covalent bonding
Dative covalent bonding
Giant covalent lattice structures
Metallic bonding
Comparison of the Bonding and physical properties of the four types of macromolecular structures
Shapes of simple molecules and ions
Electronegativity and polarity
Forces between molecules
The complete revision notes of the further organic chemistry of unit 4 cover the following topics in according to the new IAL specification.
• Isomerism ( introduction only)
• Optical isomerism
• Chirality and enantiomers
• Optical activity and reaction mechanisms
• Carbonyl compounds ( aldehydes and ketones)
• Preparations and reactions of carbonyl compounds.
• Redox reactions of carbonyl compounds
• Nucleophilic addition reactions of carbonyl compounds
• Carboxylic acids
• Preparations and reactions of carboxylic acids
• Carboxylic acid derivatives – acyl chlorides, esters and polyesters
• Polymerisation
The revision notes of the further organic chemistry of unit 4 cover the following topics in according to the new IAL specification.
• Mass spectroscopy ( high resolution)
• Nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR)
13C- NMR
1H -NMR
• Chromatography
Paper chromatography
Column Chromatography
Gas Liquid Chromatography
High performance Liquid chromatography
GC-Mass spectroscopy ( combine chromatography)
The Complete revision notes are included the following topics in according to the new IAL specification.
• Isomerism ( introduction only)
• Optical isomerism
• Chirality and enantiomers
• Optical activity and reaction mechanisms
• Carbonyl compounds ( aldehydes and ketones)
• Preparations and reactions of carbonyl compounds.
• Redox reactions of carbonyl compounds
• Nucleophilic addition reactions of carbonyl compounds
• Carboxylic acids
• Preparations and reactions of carboxylic acids
• Carboxylic acid derivatives – acyl chlorides, esters and polyesters
• spectroscopy
• Chromatography