Describe the difference between speed and velocity. Calculate the acceleration of an object using the change in velocity and time. Rearrange the acceleration equation to calculate change in velocity or time.

Describe the motion of an object by interpreting distance–time graphs. Describe how the gradient of a distance–time graph represents the speed. Calculate the speed of an object by calculating the gradient from a distance–time graph.

Calculate the speed of an object, the time taken to travel a given distance and the distance travelled.

Investigate whether the extension of the spring is proportional to the weight suspended from the spring.

Define elastic and non-elastic deformation in materials. Calculate the extension (or compression) of a material using its length and original length. State Hooke’s law and use it to calculate the force required to cause a given extension in a spring using the spring constant. Describe how elastic potential energy is stored when a material is stretched or compressed by a force. Describe force-extension graphs of elastic materials and identify the limit of proportionality. Compare the behaviour of different materials before and after the limit of proportionality.

• Define what the centre of mass is and identify where it would be in a range of simple shapes. • State that a suspended object will come to rest so that the centre of mass lies below the point of suspension. • Describe an experimental technique to determine the centre of mass of an object with an irregular shape. • Compare the stability of objects to the position of their centre of mass.

Calculate the resultant force when 2 forces act on an object at an angle.

Describe the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces and give examples for both. Identify and calculate resultant forces. Describe situations that are in equilibrium. Explain why the speed or direction of motion of objects can change.

State what energy dissipation means. Identify and calculate useful energy and wasted energy from input and output energies. Explain what efficiency means in terms of wasted and useful energy. Calculate % efficiency using useful output and total input energies.

Identify energy values for food items. Compare the energy in food with the energy needed for different activities.

State the position of the Earth and the Moon with respect to the Sun in solar and lunar eclipses. Draw simple ray diagrams of solar and lunar eclipses. Describe evidence that led to a change in the model of the Solar System.

• Name the phases of the Moon. • Explain why you see phases of the Moon.

Explain simply why we have day and night. Explain why seasonal changes happen.

• Describe the model of the Solar System. • Describe how objects in the Solar System are arranged.

Name some objects seen in the night sky. Describe the structure of the Universe in order of size and distance away from the Earth.

Learning Objectives: • Describe an efficient transfer as one that transfers more energy by a useful process. • Calculate the efficiency of a range of energy transfers. • Rearrange the efficiency equation to find input or total output energy.

Learning Objectives: • Describe closed and open systems and the changes to energy stores within them. • Investigate the effect of friction from different surfaces on energy dissipation and work done.

Learning Objectives: • Define what work is in a scientific context. • Calculate the work done by a force. • Use the equation for work done to calculate distances or size of forces.

Learning Objectives: • Describe the energy transfers in a roller coaster and a pendulum. • State that energy is conserved in any transfer. • State that energy is dissipated (is no longer useful) when it heats the environment.