Describe the difference between speed and velocity. Calculate the acceleration of an object using the change in velocity and time. Rearrange the acceleration equation to calculate change in velocity or time.

Investigate whether the extension of the spring is proportional to the weight suspended from the spring.

Dive into the fascinating world of carbon allotropes with this lesson on fullerenes and graphene, last updated on 3rd December 2024. This engaging resource introduces students to two of carbon’s most innovative forms, exploring their unique structures, properties, and applications. Fullerenes are hollow molecular structures made of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal and pentagonal rings. Their spherical and tubular forms, such as C60 molecules and carbon nanotubes, exhibit remarkable properties like high tensile strength and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. These characteristics make them valuable for applications in materials science, electronics, and even targeted drug delivery. Graphene, a single-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, is the thinnest, strongest, and most conductive material discovered to date. It has groundbreaking potential in flexible electronics, advanced computing, and energy storage. This lesson includes: Thought-provoking starter questions to activate prior knowledge on carbon bonding and allotropes. Hands-on activities like creating a graphene sample using sticky tape. Detailed notes on the discovery, structure, and uses of fullerenes and graphene. Exam-style questions to solidify understanding of their electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and real-world applications. How to use: Begin with the starter activity to encourage discussion about carbon’s versatility. Transition to hands-on experiments and guided note-taking, concluding with review questions to assess comprehension. This resource provides an exciting way for students to explore cutting-edge materials that are shaping the future of science and technology.

This lesson provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of electrical circuits. It is designed to help learners build essential skills and knowledge in circuit theory through engaging explanations and practical exercises. Key features of the lesson include: Circuit Components and Symbols: Learn to identify common circuit components and match them to their symbols and functions. Drawing Circuit Diagrams: Practice constructing and interpreting simple circuit diagrams, including series and parallel configurations. Types of Circuits: Explore the differences between series and parallel circuits, focusing on energy flow and practical applications like Christmas tree lights. Current and Voltage: Understand the flow of charge (current) and energy transfer (potential difference), including how to measure them with ammeters and voltmeters. Hands-On Practice: Match symbols to components. Draw circuits with specified requirements. Analyze the effects of circuit changes on functionality. Discussion Questions: Apply concepts to answer key questions about circuit behavior, including the advantages of different setups. This lesson equips students with the foundational tools to explore more advanced electrical concepts while grounding their learning in practical applications and real-world relevance.

Students will: Describe changes in particle bonding during changes of state. Differentiate between latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization. Perform calculations involving specific latent heat. Starter Activity: Define key terms: specific heat capacity, internal energy, temperature. Recall the formula for specific heat capacity. Identify various changes of state. Introduction to Concepts: Define latent heat as the energy required for a phase change without a temperature change, focusing on overcoming intermolecular forces. Differentiate between specific latent heat of fusion (solid ↔ liquid) and vaporization (liquid ↔ gas). Discuss the role of energy transfer during state changes (e.g., energy input during melting and boiling, energy release during freezing and condensation). Worked Examples and Practice: Solve problems such as calculating the energy required to change a specific mass of a substance’s state using the formula. Interactive Questions: Use mini whiteboards for multiple-choice questions on changes of state, energy transfers, and misconceptions (e.g., whether temperature changes during state changes). Recap key differences between specific heat capacity and latent heat. Assign calculations for practice, such as determining energy transfer for melting ice or boiling water. This lesson blends theory and practical calculations, preparing students for real-world applications of thermodynamic principles.

PowerPoint that covers the key words: transparent, translucent, opaque, absorbed, transmitted, luminous, non-luminous, light meter and reflected. This is made for a KS3 level class. The PowerPoint includes the answers to the activities.

PowerPoint that covers law of reflection, virtual images, specular reflection and diffuse reflection. This is made for a KS3 level class. Includes diagrams, class practical (or demonstration/video), questions, answers and assessment for learning opportunities.

PowerPoint that covers the following learning objectives: Explain why breathing rate increases during exercise. Plan and carry out an investigation to measure the effect of exercise on breathing rates. This is made for a KS3 level science class. Includes: a mind-map, questions, answers, tables, variables, prediction, method, help with the bar graph, conclusion and evaluation.

PowerPoint that covers the following learning objectives: Define exothermic and endothermic reaction and distinguish between exothermic and endothermic reactions on the basis of the temperature changes of the surroundings. Describe examples of exothermic and endothermic reactions. Includes questions, activities and answers. For a KS4 GCSE Science class.

PowerPoint that covers the following learning objectives: Define electrolysis. Describe electrolysis in terms of the movement of ions. Explain why electrolysis can only occur when an ionic compound is molten or in aqueous solution. This is made for a KS4 GCSE Chemistry class. Includes diagrams, a demonstration activity, questions and answers.

PowerPoint that covers GCSE smoking. This is for a KS4 GCSE class. Learning objectives: Describe the effects of the harmful substances found in tobacco. Describe the effect of smoking on unborn babies. Includes questions, answers, a short comprehension and a video.

PowerPoint that covers the following learning objective: Investigate how refraction happens using a glass block. This is made for a KS3 level science class. Includes questions, answers, diagrams, a practical opportunity and videos/simulations if you don’t have the practical equipment.

Full lesson PowerPoint for ionic bonding. This is made for a KS4 level chemistry class. The following learning objectives are covered: Define ionic bonding. Work out the charge on the ions of metals and non-metals from the group number of the element limited to Group 1,2, 6 and 7. Draw dot and cross diagrams for ionic compounds formed by metals in Groups 1 and 2 with non-metals in Groups 6 and 7. Includes examples, diagrams, questions and answers.

PowerPoint that covers generating electricity by combusting fossil fuels. Includes how fossil fuels are formed, what we use them for, how electricity is generated and the advantages and disadvantages. This is made for a KS3 level class. The starter activity revisits efficiency and power from previous lessons to enhance memory recall.

PowerPoint that covers gravity, mass and weight at a KS3 level. Includes the equation weight = mass x gravitational field strength.

PowerPoint that covers power and the cost of electricity for a KS3 level class. The starter revisits efficiency and energy stores from previous lessons to enhance memory recall. The power equation (power = energy transferred / time) is covered with an example of how to show working out. Slides include rearranging the equation and unit conversions. The cost equation (cost = power x time x cost per kWh) is also covered. Answers are included.

PowerPoint that covers the 5 energy stores, 4 energy transfers and the principle of conservation of energy. This is made for a KS3 level class. Includes diagrams, questions, answers and a practical activity that can be done as a class or demonstration by the teacher.

PowerPoint that covers the changes of state between solids, liquids and gases for a KS3 level class. Includes diagrams, questions and answers.

PowerPoint that covers the following learning objectives: Describe the limitations of using dot and cross, ball and stick (2D and 3D) and displayed formula diagrams to represent simple covalent molecules. Define intermolecular forces. Explain why simple molecules have low melting and boiling points. Explain why simple molecules do not conduct electricity. This is made for a KS4 chemistry class. Includes questions, answers and explanations.